Overview: Preliminary results

Models results from last meeting. You can find models divided by AR term (0,1), type of dependent variable, state sample, and p-value level (0.01, 0.001).

The two states samples are indicated with 1 and 2, where: 1 = high income states, 2 = low income states.

AR0

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

1

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:38:14 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                   -5.6371e-07  2.5488e-07  -2.2116 0.0275078 *        
                pop                    9.3796e-05  2.7135e-05   3.4566 0.0006002 ***      
                avg_temp               3.5728e-03  1.3510e-02   0.2645 0.7915510          
                fuel                   7.7279e-04  4.6718e-03   0.1654 0.8686926          
                idCalifornia          -1.7307e-01  5.8039e-01  -0.2982 0.7656920          
                idColorado            -8.9717e-02  2.4907e-01  -0.3602 0.7188697          
                idConnecticut          9.0826e-01  2.1829e-01   4.1608 3.817e-05 ***      
                idFlorida             -8.6535e-01  3.1022e-01  -2.7895 0.0055090 **       
                idGeorgia             -8.4655e-01  1.5678e-01  -5.3996 1.096e-07 ***      
                idIllinois            -2.1116e-01  2.2260e-01  -0.9486 0.3433598          
                idIndiana             -1.0819e+00  1.8407e-01  -5.8775 8.247e-09 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.8671e+00  1.7176e-01 -10.8704 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland            -6.5695e-01  1.5867e-01  -4.1403 4.161e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts        8.9243e-01  2.1878e-01   4.0792 5.367e-05 ***      
                idMichigan             9.7360e-02  2.7616e-01   0.3526 0.7245943          
                idMinnesota            2.6581e-01  2.9432e-01   0.9031 0.3669633          
                idMissouri            -1.3170e+00  1.6081e-01  -8.1898 2.879e-15 ***      
                idNewJersey           -9.0586e-02  1.8021e-01  -0.5027 0.6154481          
                idNewYork              7.0322e-01  3.7251e-01   1.8878 0.0597127 .        
                idNorthCarolina       -2.1745e-01  1.5503e-01  -1.4027 0.1614221          
                idOhio                 2.8565e-02  2.2363e-01   0.1277 0.8984187          
                idPennsylvania         1.9831e-02  2.5292e-01   0.0784 0.9375408          
                idTennessee           -1.2990e+00  2.0472e-01  -6.3449 5.549e-10 ***      
                idTexas               -6.3795e-01  3.7279e-01  -1.7113 0.0877384 .        
                idVirginia            -4.3928e-01  1.5997e-01  -2.7460 0.0062809 **       
                idWashington          -6.2001e-02  2.3662e-01  -0.2620 0.7934215          
                idWisconsin           -4.1343e-01  2.6985e-01  -1.5321 0.1262250          
                time2000               2.6073e+00  8.4198e-01   3.0966 0.0020829 **       
                time2001               2.8068e+00  8.4995e-01   3.3023 0.0010372 **       
                time2002               2.8648e+00  8.4945e-01   3.3725 0.0008108 ***      
                time2003               2.8717e+00  8.4043e-01   3.4170 0.0006922 ***      
                time2004               3.0404e+00  8.5682e-01   3.5485 0.0004292 ***      
                time2005               3.2284e+00  8.8362e-01   3.6536 0.0002898 ***      
                time2006               3.3384e+00  9.0758e-01   3.6783 0.0002639 ***      
                time2007               3.4709e+00  9.1092e-01   3.8103 0.0001586 ***      
                time2008               3.5570e+00  9.5365e-01   3.7299 0.0002167 ***      
                time2009               3.7612e+00  8.7573e-01   4.2950 2.153e-05 ***      
                time2010               3.7638e+00  9.1839e-01   4.0983 4.959e-05 ***      
                time2011               3.7430e+00  9.6245e-01   3.8891 0.0001162 ***      
                time2012               3.6829e+00  9.8052e-01   3.7561 0.0001959 ***      
                time2013               3.6478e+00  9.5101e-01   3.8357 0.0001436 ***      
                time2014               3.3678e+00  9.2341e-01   3.6471 0.0002970 ***      
                time2015               3.4269e+00  8.7353e-01   3.9231 0.0001014 ***      
                time2016               3.2853e+00  8.8081e-01   3.7298 0.0002167 ***      
                time2017               3.2120e+00  8.8904e-01   3.6129 0.0003378 ***      
                time2018               3.2810e+00  9.0058e-01   3.6432 0.0003015 ***      
                time2019               3.2003e+00  8.8360e-01   3.6219 0.0003266 ***      
                time2020               2.1091e+00  8.7422e-01   2.4125 0.0162508 *        
                iis106                 9.1541e-01  2.2844e-01   4.0073 7.213e-05 ***      
                iis170                -1.0173e+00  2.3385e-01  -4.3504 1.692e-05 ***      
                iis188                 7.4279e-01  2.4309e-01   3.0556 0.0023831 **       
                iis275                -1.4747e+00  2.2840e-01  -6.4565 2.844e-10 ***      
                iis400                -1.0131e+00  2.7205e-01  -3.7240 0.0002216 ***      
                iis443                -1.1598e+00  2.2830e-01  -5.0803 5.584e-07 ***      
                fesisArizona.2003     -4.3631e-01  1.4180e-01  -3.0770 0.0022218 **       
                fesisCalifornia.2006   3.4886e-01  1.2988e-01   2.6861 0.0075031 **       
                fesisColorado.2007     3.4828e-01  1.0401e-01   3.3484 0.0008829 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -6.0754e-01  1.0009e-01  -6.0699 2.770e-09 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -9.7221e-01  1.3301e-01  -7.3095 1.278e-12 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    9.6624e-01  1.4954e-01   6.4616 2.758e-10 ***      
                fesisMinnesota.2008   -3.6000e-01  1.0182e-01  -3.5356 0.0004501 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005     -3.8493e-01  1.2228e-01  -3.1479 0.0017564 **       
                fesisTennessee.2003   -8.4360e-01  2.2219e-01  -3.7968 0.0001672 ***      
                fesisTennessee.2005    9.2958e-01  1.6686e-01   5.5710 4.423e-08 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014    4.7041e-01  1.0495e-01   4.4824 9.429e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.37588  1 0.53982        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.87310  1 0.04907 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.21713      
                R-squared         0.95754      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  87.09436      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:40:46 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                  -2.5813e+00  4.1553e+00 -0.6212 0.5347871          
                gdp_sq                -4.3944e-14  8.6318e-14 -0.5091 0.6109408          
                lpop                   2.4698e+00  4.4775e-01  5.5160 5.942e-08 ***      
                lgdp_sq                7.4890e-02  1.6098e-01  0.4652 0.6420049          
                avg_temp               8.8563e-04  1.3250e-02  0.0668 0.9467400          
                lfuel                 -1.3748e-01  2.6837e-01 -0.5123 0.6087215          
                idCalifornia          -1.5671e+00  6.4792e-01 -2.4187 0.0159809 *        
                idColorado             4.0547e-01  2.5394e-01  1.5967 0.1110504          
                idConnecticut          1.8170e+00  2.8963e-01  6.2735 8.483e-10 ***      
                idFlorida             -2.0984e+00  4.3002e-01 -4.8798 1.489e-06 ***      
                idGeorgia             -1.4568e+00  2.3521e-01 -6.1936 1.356e-09 ***      
                idIllinois            -1.1986e+00  3.4600e-01 -3.4641 0.0005845 ***      
                idIndiana             -1.2335e+00  1.9404e-01 -6.3568 5.179e-10 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.4357e+00  1.9592e-01 -7.3279 1.135e-12 ***      
                idMaryland            -5.5832e-01  1.8016e-01 -3.0990 0.0020670 **       
                idMassachusetts        8.4922e-01  2.6301e-01  3.2289 0.0013364 **       
                idMichigan            -6.4051e-01  3.3003e-01 -1.9408 0.0529264 .        
                idMinnesota            4.5598e-01  2.9927e-01  1.5236 0.1283193          
                idMissouri            -1.3617e+00  1.6541e-01 -8.2325 2.126e-15 ***      
                idNewJersey           -5.3990e-01  2.5748e-01 -2.0969 0.0365762 *        
                idNewYork             -6.2021e-01  5.2223e-01 -1.1876 0.2356291          
                idNorthCarolina       -8.2291e-01  2.2940e-01 -3.5873 0.0003718 ***      
                idOhio                -8.2327e-01  3.1619e-01 -2.6037 0.0095347 **       
                idPennsylvania        -9.2205e-01  3.5419e-01 -2.6033 0.0095468 **       
                idTennessee           -1.3908e+00  1.5430e-01 -9.0137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas               -1.9925e+00  5.0476e-01 -3.9474 9.201e-05 ***      
                idVirginia            -7.9037e-01  2.1583e-01 -3.6620 0.0002808 ***      
                idWashington          -1.8143e-01  2.6538e-01 -0.6836 0.4945607          
                idWisconsin           -4.1157e-01  2.6845e-01 -1.5331 0.1259700          
                time2000               2.8386e+00  2.6987e+01  0.1052 0.9162753          
                time2001               3.0072e+00  2.6997e+01  0.1114 0.9113583          
                time2002               3.0603e+00  2.6997e+01  0.1134 0.9098004          
                time2003               3.1122e+00  2.6988e+01  0.1153 0.9082471          
                time2004               3.2852e+00  2.6975e+01  0.1218 0.9031238          
                time2005               3.5670e+00  2.6964e+01  0.1323 0.8948164          
                time2006               3.7007e+00  2.6957e+01  0.1373 0.8908695          
                time2007               3.8529e+00  2.6952e+01  0.1430 0.8863939          
                time2008               3.9906e+00  2.6936e+01  0.1481 0.8822944          
                time2009               4.0659e+00  2.6960e+01  0.1508 0.8801942          
                time2010               4.1189e+00  2.6950e+01  0.1528 0.8785966          
                time2011               4.1400e+00  2.6939e+01  0.1537 0.8779307          
                time2012               4.0776e+00  2.6941e+01  0.1514 0.8797642          
                time2013               4.0343e+00  2.6938e+01  0.1498 0.8810217          
                time2014               3.7276e+00  2.6943e+01  0.1384 0.8900268          
                time2015               3.6567e+00  2.6982e+01  0.1355 0.8922589          
                time2016               3.4945e+00  2.6989e+01  0.1295 0.8970372          
                time2017               3.4596e+00  2.6977e+01  0.1282 0.8980160          
                time2018               3.5519e+00  2.6965e+01  0.1317 0.8952643          
                time2019               3.4441e+00  2.6972e+01  0.1277 0.8984510          
                time2020               2.2550e+00  2.6995e+01  0.0835 0.9334657          
                iis106                 1.0570e+00  2.2675e-01  4.6615 4.173e-06 ***      
                iis170                -1.0956e+00  2.3134e-01 -4.7357 2.953e-06 ***      
                iis188                 7.7560e-01  2.3954e-01  3.2379 0.0012958 **       
                iis275                -1.4701e+00  2.2525e-01 -6.5267 1.863e-10 ***      
                iis400                -1.0040e+00  2.2618e-01 -4.4391 1.145e-05 ***      
                iis403                -1.0982e+00  2.2497e-01 -4.8817 1.476e-06 ***      
                iis443                -1.0940e+00  2.2499e-01 -4.8623 1.620e-06 ***      
                fesisArizona.2003     -6.0508e-01  1.5184e-01 -3.9850 7.904e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2006   4.1841e-01  1.3900e-01  3.0102 0.0027620 **       
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.8879e-01  1.0031e-01 -5.8698 8.623e-09 ***      
                fesisIllinois.2018     5.3234e-01  1.4043e-01  3.7907 0.0001713 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -9.7769e-01  1.3139e-01 -7.4410 5.328e-13 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    9.6265e-01  1.4954e-01  6.4373 3.199e-10 ***      
                fesisMinnesota.2008   -3.7161e-01  1.0112e-01 -3.6749 0.0002674 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005     -3.7104e-01  1.2062e-01 -3.0762 0.0022278 **       
                fesisWisconsin.2014    5.2625e-01  1.0449e-01  5.0366 6.941e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.43098  1 0.51151        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.72552  1 0.09876 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.21386      
                R-squared         0.95891      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  95.24642      
2

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:39:42 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                           1.0759e-05  4.3273e-06  2.4864 0.0132284 *        
                pop                          -4.0204e-04  3.6860e-04 -1.0907 0.2759174          
                avg_temp                      1.0201e-02  2.5170e-02  0.4053 0.6854497          
                fuel                         -5.9873e-03  9.8945e-03 -0.6051 0.5453738          
                idAlaska                     -7.6065e-01  1.4153e+00 -0.5375 0.5911824          
                idArkansas                   -7.6462e-01  5.4402e-01 -1.4055 0.1604884          
                idDelaware                    1.4318e+00  1.1108e+00  1.2889 0.1980213          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -7.3503e-01  1.2855e+00 -0.5718 0.5677267          
                idHawaii                     -3.9165e-01  1.0371e+00 -0.3777 0.7058465          
                idIdaho                       5.6317e-01  9.9191e-01  0.5678 0.5704448          
                idIowa                        1.1884e-01  6.5365e-01  0.1818 0.8558079          
                idKansas                     -1.4155e-01  6.1736e-01 -0.2293 0.8187434          
                idKentucky                    1.6701e-01  2.6744e-01  0.6245 0.5326035          
                idMaine                      -1.9017e-01  1.0810e+00 -0.1759 0.8604244          
                idMississippi                 2.3277e-01  5.3001e-01  0.4392 0.6607142          
                idMontana                    -3.3037e-01  1.1455e+00 -0.2884 0.7731559          
                idNebraska                   -8.0473e-01  9.0420e-01 -0.8900 0.3738963          
                idNevada                      8.2096e-01  7.0401e-01  1.1661 0.2441152          
                idNewHampshire                1.2454e+00  1.0736e+00  1.1601 0.2465730          
                idNewMexico                   1.3470e+00  7.9948e-01  1.6848 0.0926371 .        
                idNorthDakota                -6.6448e-01  1.2549e+00 -0.5295 0.5966711          
                idOklahoma                    4.9203e-01  3.5257e-01  1.3955 0.1634656          
                idOregon                      1.6998e+00  5.0809e-01  3.3454 0.0008828 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 6.5822e-01  1.0681e+00  0.6162 0.5380114          
                idSouthCarolina               1.2726e+00  2.4430e-01  5.2090 2.772e-07 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -7.6020e-01  1.1567e+00 -0.6572 0.5113503          
                idUtah                        8.7383e-01  6.8167e-01  1.2819 0.2004685          
                idVermont                     2.0719e-01  1.2354e+00  0.1677 0.8668707          
                idWestVirginia               -5.2757e-01  8.4041e-01 -0.6278 0.5304502          
                idWyoming                    -2.9890e-01  1.2721e+00 -0.2350 0.8143333          
                time2000                      6.2978e-01  1.9843e+00  0.3174 0.7510795          
                time2001                      6.9380e-01  2.0002e+00  0.3469 0.7288385          
                time2002                      7.6624e-01  1.9968e+00  0.3837 0.7013412          
                time2003                      1.0013e+00  1.9893e+00  0.5033 0.6149432          
                time2004                      8.4056e-01  1.9919e+00  0.4220 0.6732169          
                time2005                      1.1914e+00  2.0116e+00  0.5922 0.5539554          
                time2006                      1.3472e+00  2.0365e+00  0.6615 0.5085814          
                time2007                      1.6282e+00  2.0377e+00  0.7990 0.4246584          
                time2008                      1.7426e+00  2.0737e+00  0.8403 0.4011137          
                time2009                      1.8390e+00  2.0015e+00  0.9188 0.3586207          
                time2010                      1.7993e+00  2.0483e+00  0.8785 0.3801083          
                time2011                      1.9011e+00  2.0951e+00  0.9074 0.3646244          
                time2012                      1.8946e+00  2.1289e+00  0.8900 0.3739045          
                time2013                      1.7237e+00  2.0867e+00  0.8260 0.4091708          
                time2014                      1.3515e+00  2.0649e+00  0.6545 0.5130940          
                time2015                      1.0526e+00  2.0413e+00  0.5157 0.6063130          
                time2016                      1.0417e+00  2.0559e+00  0.5067 0.6125825          
                time2017                      9.5137e-01  2.0501e+00  0.4641 0.6428113          
                time2018                      1.0603e+00  2.0485e+00  0.5176 0.6049569          
                time2019                      8.1881e-01  2.0303e+00  0.4033 0.6868995          
                time2020                      8.6865e-02  2.0530e+00  0.0423 0.9662680          
                iis84                        -1.8689e+00  5.3606e-01 -3.4864 0.0005324 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.0576e+00  2.9210e-01 -3.6207 0.0003235 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              9.3000e-01  2.8966e-01  3.2106 0.0014089 **       
                fesisArkansas.2009            7.3251e-01  2.3228e-01  3.1536 0.0017091 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -1.0283e+00  3.5686e-01 -2.8814 0.0041282 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.5202e+00  3.4380e-01  4.4218 1.200e-05 ***      
                fesisMaine.2008               8.7373e-01  2.4003e-01  3.6402 0.0003006 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.0941e+00  2.9238e-01 -3.7419 0.0002036 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013            9.4491e-01  2.3876e-01  3.9575 8.661e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       1.0306e+00  2.7806e-01  3.7066 0.0002334 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.2588e+00  2.5038e-01  5.0276 6.912e-07 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -1.0125e+00  3.4542e-01 -2.9311 0.0035313 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.68346  1  0.4084      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.05243  1  0.3049      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.51025      
                R-squared           0.79547      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -391.52554      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:43:12 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                          8.1058e+00  1.0102e+01  0.8024 0.4226823          
                gdp_sq                        3.4745e-11  2.7158e-11  1.2794 0.2013598          
                lpop                         -8.0506e-01  8.9000e-01 -0.9046 0.3661279          
                lgdp_sq                      -3.5077e-01  4.8217e-01 -0.7275 0.4672624          
                avg_temp                      9.1263e-03  2.5367e-02  0.3598 0.7191656          
                lfuel                        -3.0619e-01  5.7420e-01 -0.5333 0.5940963          
                idAlaska                     -1.0110e+00  1.7218e+00 -0.5872 0.5573462          
                idArkansas                   -5.9351e-01  4.3562e-01 -1.3624 0.1736702          
                idDelaware                    1.3392e+00  1.2827e+00  1.0440 0.2969650          
                idDistrictofColumbia         -9.7310e-01  1.7086e+00 -0.5695 0.5692578          
                idHawaii                     -3.0483e-01  9.8927e-01 -0.3081 0.7581020          
                idIdaho                       6.4864e-01  1.0065e+00  0.6445 0.5195562          
                idIowa                        3.9342e-01  5.4941e-01  0.7161 0.4742772          
                idKansas                      1.3744e-01  4.8709e-01  0.2822 0.7779302          
                idKentucky                    2.5535e-01  2.5404e-01  1.0052 0.3153013          
                idMaine                      -1.4970e-01  1.1277e+00 -0.1328 0.8944436          
                idMississippi                 3.6276e-01  4.4704e-01  0.8115 0.4174840          
                idMontana                    -3.1284e-01  1.3071e+00 -0.2393 0.8109428          
                idNebraska                   -6.3322e-01  8.2708e-01 -0.7656 0.4442694          
                idNevada                      1.0867e+00  5.8216e-01  1.8667 0.0625220 .        
                idNewHampshire                1.2938e+00  1.1036e+00  1.1724 0.2416052          
                idNewMexico                   1.5101e+00  7.1282e-01  2.1185 0.0346197 *        
                idNorthDakota                -7.7402e-01  1.5727e+00 -0.4921 0.6228303          
                idOklahoma                    6.7838e-01  2.5856e-01  2.6237 0.0089620 **       
                idOregon                      1.8488e+00  4.6130e-01  4.0079 7.057e-05 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 6.4522e-01  1.1784e+00  0.5475 0.5842581          
                idSouthCarolina               1.3751e+00  2.2764e-01  6.0407 2.990e-09 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -7.8103e-01  1.4129e+00 -0.5528 0.5806682          
                idUtah                        1.1196e+00  5.8046e-01  1.9288 0.0543235 .        
                idVermont                     1.8766e-01  1.6217e+00  0.1157 0.9079208          
                idWestVirginia               -4.1190e-01  7.9595e-01 -0.5175 0.6050356          
                idWyoming                    -5.4081e-01  1.7180e+00 -0.3148 0.7530534          
                time2000                     -3.9454e+01  5.5009e+01 -0.7172 0.4735670          
                time2001                     -3.9420e+01  5.5014e+01 -0.7166 0.4739830          
                time2002                     -3.9349e+01  5.5013e+01 -0.7153 0.4747809          
                time2003                     -3.9083e+01  5.5005e+01 -0.7105 0.4777036          
                time2004                     -3.9210e+01  5.4993e+01 -0.7130 0.4761842          
                time2005                     -3.8845e+01  5.4983e+01 -0.7065 0.4802139          
                time2006                     -3.8693e+01  5.4978e+01 -0.7038 0.4818838          
                time2007                     -3.8421e+01  5.4977e+01 -0.6989 0.4849602          
                time2008                     -3.8364e+01  5.4975e+01 -0.6978 0.4856002          
                time2009                     -3.8205e+01  5.4991e+01 -0.6947 0.4875380          
                time2010                     -3.8263e+01  5.4986e+01 -0.6959 0.4868363          
                time2011                     -3.8208e+01  5.4981e+01 -0.6949 0.4874163          
                time2012                     -3.8210e+01  5.4979e+01 -0.6950 0.4873820          
                time2013                     -3.8391e+01  5.4986e+01 -0.6982 0.4853810          
                time2014                     -3.8741e+01  5.4985e+01 -0.7046 0.4813956          
                time2015                     -3.8998e+01  5.4994e+01 -0.7091 0.4785751          
                time2016                     -3.9015e+01  5.4997e+01 -0.7094 0.4784072          
                time2017                     -3.9091e+01  5.4994e+01 -0.7108 0.4775150          
                time2018                     -3.8987e+01  5.4988e+01 -0.7090 0.4786502          
                time2019                     -3.9225e+01  5.4990e+01 -0.7133 0.4759843          
                time2020                     -3.9978e+01  5.5003e+01 -0.7268 0.4676608          
                iis84                        -1.8271e+00  5.4356e-01 -3.3613 0.0008348 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2007             -1.0435e+00  2.9809e-01 -3.5008 0.0005052 ***      
                fesisAlaska.2014              9.6249e-01  2.9078e-01  3.3101 0.0009998 ***      
                fesisArkansas.2009            7.4981e-01  2.3399e-01  3.2044 0.0014396 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2008 -9.6394e-01  3.5745e-01 -2.6967 0.0072383 **       
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2011  1.6309e+00  3.5337e-01  4.6153 4.991e-06 ***      
                fesisMaine.2008               8.7775e-01  2.4239e-01  3.6213 0.0003229 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.0735e+00  2.9584e-01 -3.6286 0.0003142 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013            1.0308e+00  2.5261e-01  4.0808 5.220e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       9.0124e-01  2.5840e-01  3.4877 0.0005300 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.1993e+00  2.5593e-01  4.6860 3.594e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -1.0100e+00  3.4584e-01 -2.9205 0.0036519 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.03816  1  0.3082      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.82988  1  0.3623      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.51009      
                R-squared           0.79641      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -390.34817      

0.001

1

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:38:19 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                   -4.2486e-07  2.3738e-07  -1.7898 0.0741616 .        
                pop                    9.8866e-05  2.7870e-05   3.5473 0.0004302 ***      
                avg_temp               7.5084e-03  1.4667e-02   0.5119 0.6089488          
                fuel                   1.1238e-03  4.9641e-03   0.2264 0.8210022          
                idCalifornia           4.3347e-02  6.0361e-01   0.0718 0.9427836          
                idColorado             5.8121e-01  2.3237e-01   2.5012 0.0127323 *        
                idConnecticut          1.3327e+00  2.0098e-01   6.6309 9.623e-11 ***      
                idFlorida             -6.7010e-01  2.9887e-01  -2.2421 0.0254446 *        
                idGeorgia             -4.8332e-01  1.0379e-01  -4.6566 4.242e-06 ***      
                idIllinois             1.0338e-01  1.9845e-01   0.5209 0.6026785          
                idIndiana             -6.7762e-01  1.5009e-01  -4.5149 8.110e-06 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.6063e+00  1.3381e-01 -12.0038 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland            -2.6411e-01  1.1402e-01  -2.3163 0.0209908 *        
                idMassachusetts        1.2922e+00  1.9891e-01   6.4962 2.195e-10 ***      
                idMichigan             4.9259e-01  2.6533e-01   1.8565 0.0640359 .        
                idMinnesota            4.9565e-01  2.9447e-01   1.6832 0.0930326 .        
                idMissouri            -9.1785e-01  1.1506e-01  -7.9771 1.263e-14 ***      
                idNewJersey            2.6677e-01  1.4455e-01   1.8456 0.0656106 .        
                idNewYork              6.3842e-01  3.5333e-01   1.8068 0.0714592 .        
                idNorthCarolina        1.2402e-01  1.0101e-01   1.2278 0.2201496          
                idOhio                 3.7483e-01  1.9873e-01   1.8861 0.0599295 .        
                idPennsylvania         3.5815e-01  2.3592e-01   1.5181 0.1296974          
                idTennessee           -8.6978e-01  8.6042e-02 -10.1088 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas               -5.3029e-01  3.7033e-01  -1.4319 0.1528593          
                idVirginia            -7.6237e-02  1.1311e-01  -0.6740 0.5006605          
                idWashington           3.4758e-01  2.2068e-01   1.5750 0.1159509          
                idWisconsin            2.4392e-02  2.6236e-01   0.0930 0.9259680          
                time2000               1.9939e+00  9.0758e-01   2.1970 0.0285331 *        
                time2001               2.1036e+00  9.1555e-01   2.2976 0.0220442 *        
                time2002               2.2040e+00  9.1546e-01   2.4075 0.0164649 *        
                time2003               2.2061e+00  9.0545e-01   2.4364 0.0152217 *        
                time2004               2.3187e+00  9.2353e-01   2.5106 0.0124028 *        
                time2005               2.5194e+00  9.5296e-01   2.6437 0.0084871 **       
                time2006               2.6353e+00  9.7944e-01   2.6906 0.0073988 **       
                time2007               2.7809e+00  9.8264e-01   2.8300 0.0048636 **       
                time2008               2.8469e+00  1.0284e+00   2.7683 0.0058682 **       
                time2009               3.0655e+00  9.4353e-01   3.2490 0.0012453 **       
                time2010               3.0559e+00  9.9014e-01   3.0864 0.0021517 **       
                time2011               3.0215e+00  1.0379e+00   2.9112 0.0037800 **       
                time2012               2.9530e+00  1.0574e+00   2.7926 0.0054527 **       
                time2013               2.9267e+00  1.0252e+00   2.8548 0.0045065 **       
                time2014               2.6491e+00  9.9506e-01   2.6623 0.0080412 **       
                time2015               2.7069e+00  9.4000e-01   2.8797 0.0041719 **       
                time2016               2.5611e+00  9.4773e-01   2.7023 0.0071475 **       
                time2017               2.4832e+00  9.5690e-01   2.5950 0.0097682 **       
                time2018               2.5475e+00  9.6954e-01   2.6275 0.0088967 **       
                time2019               2.4994e+00  9.5096e-01   2.6283 0.0088754 **       
                time2020               1.3814e+00  9.4030e-01   1.4691 0.1425151          
                iis275                -1.4609e+00  2.5145e-01  -5.8100 1.187e-08 ***      
                iis400                -1.1285e+00  2.5141e-01  -4.4890 9.113e-06 ***      
                iis403                -1.1548e+00  2.5139e-01  -4.5936 5.670e-06 ***      
                iis443                -1.1342e+00  2.5139e-01  -4.5118 8.222e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.8550e-01  1.0997e-01  -5.3244 1.605e-07 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -8.6269e-01  1.4485e-01  -5.9560 5.231e-09 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    1.1012e+00  1.5877e-01   6.9360 1.417e-11 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014    4.9419e-01  1.1552e-01   4.2780 2.307e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   1.56754  1  0.2106      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.22853  1  0.6326      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.23969      
                R-squared         0.94720      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  32.77260      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:40:57 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                  -7.0053e-01  4.2724e+00 -0.1640 0.8698312          
                gdp_sq                 5.5176e-14  8.5051e-14  0.6487 0.5168423          
                lpop                   2.4475e+00  4.6443e-01  5.2698 2.135e-07 ***      
                lgdp_sq               -8.7399e-03  1.6512e-01 -0.0529 0.9578113          
                avg_temp               9.0144e-03  1.4150e-02  0.6371 0.5244205          
                lfuel                  2.4643e-01  2.7822e-01  0.8858 0.3762287          
                idCalifornia          -9.2077e-01  6.7387e-01 -1.3664 0.1725086          
                idColorado             4.9229e-01  2.7059e-01  1.8194 0.0695314 .        
                idConnecticut          1.8242e+00  3.0489e-01  5.9831 4.511e-09 ***      
                idFlorida             -1.9334e+00  4.4727e-01 -4.3227 1.904e-05 ***      
                idGeorgia             -1.3989e+00  2.4675e-01 -5.6695 2.583e-08 ***      
                idIllinois            -8.5328e-01  3.6046e-01 -2.3672 0.0183508 *        
                idIndiana             -1.1946e+00  2.0709e-01 -5.7684 1.502e-08 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.6664e+00  2.0562e-01 -8.1046 5.185e-15 ***      
                idMaryland            -5.2852e-01  1.9298e-01 -2.7387 0.0064155 **       
                idMassachusetts        1.0043e+00  2.8071e-01  3.5776 0.0003849 ***      
                idMichigan            -4.4618e-01  3.4746e-01 -1.2841 0.1997679          
                idMinnesota            3.4277e-01  3.2322e-01  1.0605 0.2894985          
                idMissouri            -1.3727e+00  1.7716e-01 -7.7482 6.395e-14 ***      
                idNewJersey           -3.6846e-01  2.7276e-01 -1.3508 0.1774337          
                idNewYork             -4.3264e-01  5.3491e-01 -0.8088 0.4190554          
                idNorthCarolina       -7.4107e-01  2.4032e-01 -3.0837 0.0021716 **       
                idOhio                -6.1758e-01  3.3116e-01 -1.8649 0.0628601 .        
                idPennsylvania        -6.5492e-01  3.7161e-01 -1.7624 0.0786907 .        
                idTennessee           -1.4140e+00  1.6538e-01 -8.5503 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas               -1.6927e+00  5.3087e-01 -3.1885 0.0015312 **       
                idVirginia            -6.8962e-01  2.2879e-01 -3.0142 0.0027246 **       
                idWashington          -2.7383e-02  2.8291e-01 -0.0968 0.9229356          
                idWisconsin           -3.2468e-01  2.8688e-01 -1.1318 0.2583392          
                time2000              -9.1538e+00  2.7585e+01 -0.3318 0.7401665          
                time2001              -8.9725e+00  2.7597e+01 -0.3251 0.7452364          
                time2002              -8.8717e+00  2.7597e+01 -0.3215 0.7480044          
                time2003              -8.8784e+00  2.7586e+01 -0.3218 0.7477246          
                time2004              -8.8154e+00  2.7571e+01 -0.3197 0.7493215          
                time2005              -8.6670e+00  2.7556e+01 -0.3145 0.7532692          
                time2006              -8.5782e+00  2.7548e+01 -0.3114 0.7556505          
                time2007              -8.4541e+00  2.7543e+01 -0.3069 0.7590288          
                time2008              -8.4502e+00  2.7524e+01 -0.3070 0.7589754          
                time2009              -8.1806e+00  2.7552e+01 -0.2969 0.7666687          
                time2010              -8.2309e+00  2.7539e+01 -0.2989 0.7651700          
                time2011              -8.3033e+00  2.7526e+01 -0.3017 0.7630576          
                time2012              -8.3721e+00  2.7529e+01 -0.3041 0.7611763          
                time2013              -8.4000e+00  2.7525e+01 -0.3052 0.7603760          
                time2014              -8.6595e+00  2.7531e+01 -0.3145 0.7532614          
                time2015              -8.4671e+00  2.7576e+01 -0.3070 0.7589573          
                time2016              -8.5906e+00  2.7585e+01 -0.3114 0.7556224          
                time2017              -8.7139e+00  2.7571e+01 -0.3160 0.7521138          
                time2018              -8.6925e+00  2.7556e+01 -0.3154 0.7525698          
                time2019              -8.7121e+00  2.7564e+01 -0.3161 0.7520997          
                time2020              -9.7747e+00  2.7591e+01 -0.3543 0.7233023          
                iis106                 1.0298e+00  2.4558e-01  4.1935 3.318e-05 ***      
                iis275                -1.4278e+00  2.4365e-01 -5.8601 9.028e-09 ***      
                iis400                -1.0280e+00  2.4484e-01 -4.1985 3.248e-05 ***      
                iis403                -1.1179e+00  2.4364e-01 -4.5884 5.820e-06 ***      
                iis443                -1.0761e+00  2.4346e-01 -4.4200 1.242e-05 ***      
                fesisArizona.2003     -6.5836e-01  1.6288e-01 -4.0420 6.248e-05 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.9124e-01  1.0843e-01 -5.4529 8.239e-08 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -8.9630e-01  1.4023e-01 -6.3916 4.159e-10 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    1.0542e+00  1.5604e-01  6.7558 4.472e-11 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014    5.1716e-01  1.1272e-01  4.5879 5.832e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.57329  1  0.4490      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 0.30970  1  0.5779      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.23169      
                R-squared         0.95111      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  51.88521      
2

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:39:47 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                    2.3735e-06  4.2961e-06  0.5525 0.5808609          
                pop                    3.9385e-04  3.2407e-04  1.2153 0.2248033          
                avg_temp               4.0831e-02  2.5436e-02  1.6053 0.1090550          
                fuel                  -2.8133e-02  9.6854e-03 -2.9047 0.0038355 **       
                idAlaska               1.9726e+00  1.3303e+00  1.4828 0.1387473          
                idArkansas             5.4891e-01  4.7204e-01  1.1628 0.2454395          
                idDelaware             3.8695e+00  9.8005e-01  3.9483 8.976e-05 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia   2.1273e+00  1.1382e+00  1.8690 0.0621980 .        
                idHawaii               8.5672e-01  9.2846e-01  0.9227 0.3565854          
                idIdaho                2.5365e+00  9.1338e-01  2.7771 0.0056865 **       
                idIowa                 1.6025e+00  6.0681e-01  2.6408 0.0085233 **       
                idKansas               1.1857e+00  5.5519e-01  2.1356 0.0331853 *        
                idKentucky             5.8955e-01  2.6851e-01  2.1956 0.0285698 *        
                idMaine                2.5823e+00  9.9141e-01  2.6047 0.0094638 **       
                idMississippi          9.4369e-01  4.9702e-01  1.8987 0.0581654 .        
                idMontana              1.9777e+00  1.0460e+00  1.8907 0.0592254 .        
                idNebraska             1.1621e+00  8.1320e-01  1.4290 0.1536206          
                idNevada               2.3893e+00  6.3826e-01  3.7434 0.0002022 ***      
                idNewHampshire         3.5254e+00  9.7402e-01  3.6194 0.0003246 ***      
                idNewMexico            2.9548e+00  7.1333e-01  4.1422 4.025e-05 ***      
                idNorthDakota          1.9885e+00  1.1372e+00  1.7486 0.0809557 .        
                idOklahoma             1.1774e+00  3.2402e-01  3.6338 0.0003075 ***      
                idOregon               2.7724e+00  4.9381e-01  5.6144 3.241e-08 ***      
                idRhodeIsland          2.7976e+00  9.5316e-01  2.9351 0.0034843 **       
                idSouthCarolina        1.9187e+00  1.6997e-01 11.2887 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota          1.6700e+00  1.0407e+00  1.6047 0.1091835          
                idUtah                 2.3116e+00  6.2973e-01  3.6708 0.0002672 ***      
                idVermont              2.7324e+00  1.1175e+00  2.4451 0.0148196 *        
                idWestVirginia         1.0866e+00  7.5781e-01  1.4338 0.1522294          
                idWyoming              2.3347e+00  1.1496e+00  2.0309 0.0427807 *        
                time2000              -2.9314e+00  1.9372e+00 -1.5132 0.1308364          
                time2001              -2.9935e+00  1.9488e+00 -1.5361 0.1251277          
                time2002              -2.9030e+00  1.9455e+00 -1.4922 0.1362626          
                time2003              -2.5355e+00  1.9430e+00 -1.3049 0.1925093          
                time2004              -2.4666e+00  1.9561e+00 -1.2610 0.2078938          
                time2005              -1.8111e+00  1.9904e+00 -0.9099 0.3632901          
                time2006              -1.4760e+00  2.0241e+00 -0.7292 0.4661975          
                time2007              -1.0854e+00  2.0288e+00 -0.5350 0.5929071          
                time2008              -3.1003e-01  2.0889e+00 -0.1484 0.8820758          
                time2009              -1.0605e+00  1.9811e+00 -0.5353 0.5926811          
                time2010              -7.5264e-01  2.0448e+00 -0.3681 0.7129676          
                time2011              -1.6096e-01  2.1081e+00 -0.0764 0.9391678          
                time2012              -2.4455e-01  2.1423e+00 -0.1142 0.9091615          
                time2013              -2.8964e-01  2.0999e+00 -0.1379 0.8903497          
                time2014              -7.7791e-01  2.0739e+00 -0.3751 0.7077471          
                time2015              -2.0829e+00  2.0114e+00 -1.0355 0.3009129          
                time2016              -2.2237e+00  2.0217e+00 -1.0999 0.2719075          
                time2017              -2.0736e+00  2.0254e+00 -1.0238 0.3064073          
                time2018              -1.6491e+00  2.0361e+00 -0.8099 0.4183471          
                time2019              -2.0234e+00  2.0108e+00 -1.0063 0.3147527          
                time2020              -3.2751e+00  2.0135e+00 -1.6266 0.1044393          
                iis84                 -1.4924e+00  5.9386e-01 -2.5130 0.0122762 *        
                fesisDelaware.2014    -8.1112e-01  2.7315e-01 -2.9695 0.0031227 **       
                fesisMississippi.2004 -1.1370e+00  3.0775e-01 -3.6945 0.0002441 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013     9.5815e-01  2.5113e-01  3.8154 0.0001526 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008  9.7765e-01  2.5128e-01  3.8907 0.0001132 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.67971  1 0.40969        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.14979  1 0.07594 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.53909      
                R-squared           0.76852      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -426.20658      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:43:16 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                   1.0612e+01  1.0063e+01  1.0545 0.2921384          
                gdp_sq                 4.8073e-11  2.6569e-11  1.8094 0.0709825 .        
                lpop                   1.2088e+00  8.8558e-01  1.3650 0.1728591          
                lgdp_sq               -5.2410e-01  4.7982e-01 -1.0923 0.2752272          
                avg_temp               3.7076e-02  2.5656e-02  1.4451 0.1490506          
                lfuel                 -1.8438e+00  5.3818e-01 -3.4260 0.0006621 ***      
                idAlaska               1.8826e+00  1.7026e+00  1.1057 0.2693815          
                idArkansas             3.2898e-01  4.1706e-01  0.7888 0.4305871          
                idDelaware             3.8700e+00  1.2716e+00  3.0434 0.0024603 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia   2.8492e+00  1.6516e+00  1.7252 0.0851070 .        
                idHawaii               6.3392e-01  9.7551e-01  0.6498 0.5160895          
                idIdaho                2.0318e+00  9.9835e-01  2.0352 0.0423478 *        
                idIowa                 1.4777e+00  5.4484e-01  2.7122 0.0069103 **       
                idKansas               1.0774e+00  4.7826e-01  2.2527 0.0247033 *        
                idKentucky             5.5624e-01  2.5989e-01  2.1403 0.0328057 *        
                idMaine                2.1044e+00  1.1215e+00  1.8764 0.0611671 .        
                idMississippi          6.6142e-01  4.5025e-01  1.4690 0.1424460          
                idMontana              1.5679e+00  1.2937e+00  1.2119 0.2261202          
                idNebraska             9.4219e-01  8.1082e-01  1.1620 0.2457685          
                idNevada               2.2110e+00  5.7335e-01  3.8563 0.0001299 ***      
                idNewHampshire         3.2154e+00  1.0859e+00  2.9611 0.0032085 **       
                idNewMexico            2.6396e+00  6.9778e-01  3.7828 0.0001735 ***      
                idNorthDakota          1.9255e+00  1.5494e+00  1.2427 0.2145360          
                idOklahoma             1.0929e+00  2.5991e-01  4.2050 3.085e-05 ***      
                idOregon               2.5694e+00  4.6530e-01  5.5220 5.352e-08 ***      
                idRhodeIsland          2.4740e+00  1.1589e+00  2.1348 0.0332559 *        
                idSouthCarolina        1.9043e+00  1.6835e-01 11.3115 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota          1.4596e+00  1.3939e+00  1.0472 0.2955260          
                idUtah                 2.1260e+00  5.7551e-01  3.6940 0.0002446 ***      
                idVermont              2.6248e+00  1.6027e+00  1.6378 0.1020898          
                idWestVirginia         6.1901e-01  7.8538e-01  0.7882 0.4309637          
                idWyoming              2.4236e+00  1.6931e+00  1.4314 0.1529293          
                time2000              -5.8582e+01  5.4849e+01 -1.0681 0.2860026          
                time2001              -5.8850e+01  5.4853e+01 -1.0729 0.2838403          
                time2002              -5.8734e+01  5.4852e+01 -1.0708 0.2847793          
                time2003              -5.8136e+01  5.4846e+01 -1.0600 0.2896546          
                time2004              -5.7783e+01  5.4836e+01 -1.0538 0.2924942          
                time2005              -5.6931e+01  5.4827e+01 -1.0384 0.2995846          
                time2006              -5.6545e+01  5.4822e+01 -1.0314 0.3028347          
                time2007              -5.6147e+01  5.4822e+01 -1.0242 0.3062392          
                time2008              -5.5508e+01  5.4822e+01 -1.0125 0.3117722          
                time2009              -5.6156e+01  5.4834e+01 -1.0241 0.3062683          
                time2010              -5.5829e+01  5.4830e+01 -1.0182 0.3090617          
                time2011              -5.5343e+01  5.4826e+01 -1.0094 0.3132485          
                time2012              -5.5411e+01  5.4825e+01 -1.0107 0.3126408          
                time2013              -5.5490e+01  5.4831e+01 -1.0120 0.3120116          
                time2014              -5.5908e+01  5.4829e+01 -1.0197 0.3083684          
                time2015              -5.7311e+01  5.4834e+01 -1.0452 0.2964441          
                time2016              -5.7543e+01  5.4837e+01 -1.0493 0.2945182          
                time2017              -5.7231e+01  5.4834e+01 -1.0437 0.2971140          
                time2018              -5.6719e+01  5.4831e+01 -1.0344 0.3014240          
                time2019              -5.7127e+01  5.4832e+01 -1.0418 0.2979759          
                time2020              -5.8658e+01  5.4842e+01 -1.0696 0.2853194          
                iis84                 -1.6021e+00  5.9367e-01 -2.6986 0.0071954 **       
                fesisDelaware.2014    -9.0740e-01  2.7932e-01 -3.2486 0.0012362 **       
                fesisMississippi.2004 -1.1211e+00  3.0999e-01 -3.6166 0.0003283 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013     1.0651e+00  2.6350e-01  4.0419 6.121e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008  9.5567e-01  2.5771e-01  3.7084 0.0002315 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.30816  1  0.5788      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.19241  1  0.1387      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.53744      
                R-squared           0.77083      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -423.46772      

Patent Count

0.01

1

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:32:52 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                  -1.7919e-05  1.3149e-05 -1.3628  0.173652          
                pop                   3.2971e-03  1.1777e-03  2.7996  0.005341 **       
                avg_temp              5.4786e-01  5.6774e-01  0.9650  0.335085          
                fuel                  4.5662e-01  1.9490e-01  2.3428  0.019584 *        
                idCalifornia          7.0738e+00  2.2259e+01  0.3178  0.750790          
                idColorado            2.2931e+01  8.9489e+00  2.5624  0.010726 *        
                idConnecticut         3.2257e+01  7.2519e+00  4.4481 1.099e-05 ***      
                idFlorida            -2.6803e+01  1.1265e+01 -2.3793  0.017769 *        
                idGeorgia            -1.2664e+01  3.8570e+00 -3.2834  0.001108 **       
                idIllinois            2.4882e+00  7.4637e+00  0.3334  0.739007          
                idIndiana            -5.6969e+00  5.7350e+00 -0.9933  0.321087          
                idLouisiana          -1.5874e+01  4.8375e+00 -3.2815  0.001115 **       
                idMaryland           -9.0876e-01  4.3553e+00 -0.2087  0.834812          
                idMassachusetts       5.0614e+01  7.6802e+00  6.5902 1.259e-10 ***      
                idMichigan            1.9888e+01  1.0202e+01  1.9494  0.051881 .        
                idMinnesota           1.9433e+01  1.1347e+01  1.7126  0.087488 .        
                idMissouri           -8.4918e+00  4.3346e+00 -1.9591  0.050733 .        
                idNewJersey           8.2909e+00  5.5240e+00  1.5009  0.134104          
                idNewYork             3.9266e+01  1.3387e+01  2.9331  0.003531 **       
                idNorthCarolina       1.3970e+00  3.7360e+00  0.3739  0.708646          
                idOhio                1.2199e+01  7.5261e+00  1.6209  0.105761          
                idPennsylvania        1.5322e+01  8.9353e+00  1.7147  0.087097 .        
                idTennessee          -1.0096e+01  3.1434e+00 -3.2118  0.001416 **       
                idTexas              -1.6971e+01  1.3711e+01 -1.2377  0.216469          
                idVirginia           -1.2006e-01  4.2672e+00 -0.0281  0.977568          
                idWashington          1.3350e+01  8.4879e+00  1.5728  0.116491          
                idWisconsin           1.1328e+01  1.0166e+01  1.1142  0.265796          
                time2000             -5.5081e+01  3.5211e+01 -1.5643  0.118462          
                time2001             -5.1288e+01  3.5486e+01 -1.4453  0.149083          
                time2002             -4.9665e+01  3.5495e+01 -1.3992  0.162458          
                time2003             -5.0849e+01  3.5132e+01 -1.4474  0.148507          
                time2004             -5.3106e+01  3.5911e+01 -1.4788  0.139899          
                time2005             -5.6431e+01  3.7136e+01 -1.5196  0.129337          
                time2006             -5.6849e+01  3.8244e+01 -1.4865  0.137873          
                time2007             -5.4888e+01  3.8381e+01 -1.4301  0.153396          
                time2008             -6.2737e+01  4.0274e+01 -1.5578  0.120009          
                time2009             -4.0209e+01  3.6759e+01 -1.0938  0.274626          
                time2010             -4.6508e+01  3.8703e+01 -1.2017  0.230139          
                time2011             -5.7533e+01  4.0645e+01 -1.4155  0.157632          
                time2012             -6.0812e+01  4.1388e+01 -1.4693  0.142462          
                time2013             -6.0997e+01  4.0121e+01 -1.5203  0.129146          
                time2014             -6.6143e+01  3.8846e+01 -1.7027  0.089331 .        
                time2015             -4.6562e+01  3.6546e+01 -1.2741  0.203316          
                time2016             -5.0027e+01  3.6873e+01 -1.3568  0.175552          
                time2017             -5.3883e+01  3.7277e+01 -1.4455  0.149031          
                time2018             -6.0561e+01  3.7838e+01 -1.6005  0.110197          
                time2019             -5.8229e+01  3.7110e+01 -1.5691  0.117345          
                time2020             -6.7084e+01  3.6556e+01 -1.8351  0.067163 .        
                iis28                 1.0163e+02  1.1123e+01  9.1368 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 1.2829e+02  1.1142e+01 11.5144 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.7329e+02  1.1164e+01 15.5224 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 2.0033e+02  1.1126e+01 18.0060 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.6762e+02  1.1170e+01 15.0060 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.5520e+02  1.1460e+01 13.5428 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.4274e+02  1.1564e+01 12.3437 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.3698e+02  1.1453e+01 11.9594 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 8.3762e+01  1.1781e+01  7.1102 4.717e-12 ***      
                iis37                 8.4826e+01  1.1690e+01  7.2560 1.815e-12 ***      
                iis38                 9.1192e+01  1.1778e+01  7.7426 6.756e-14 ***      
                iis39                 6.3423e+01  1.2239e+01  5.1819 3.353e-07 ***      
                iis40                 6.4317e+01  1.2838e+01  5.0097 7.908e-07 ***      
                iis41                 4.0899e+01  1.3365e+01  3.0601  0.002348 **       
                iis42                -7.5514e+01  1.2996e+01 -5.8105 1.197e-08 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004  4.4693e+01  7.9015e+00  5.6563 2.788e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   82.045  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 35.764  1 2.228e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     8.83501      
                R-squared            0.96696      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  -1781.22116      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:35:45 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                 -1.1236e+03  1.8677e+02 -6.0157 3.790e-09 ***      
                gdp_sq               -3.2422e-11  5.1505e-12 -6.2949 7.494e-10 ***      
                lpop                  3.1790e+01  1.6654e+01  1.9089  0.056934 .        
                lgdp_sq               4.3412e+01  7.2753e+00  5.9671 4.995e-09 ***      
                avg_temp              4.5385e-01  5.5863e-01  0.8124  0.416985          
                lfuel                 3.8740e+01  1.0797e+01  3.5880  0.000371 ***      
                idCalifornia          4.1381e+01  2.3806e+01  1.7382  0.082873 .        
                idColorado            2.5127e+01  9.3416e+00  2.6897  0.007424 **       
                idConnecticut         3.4986e+01  1.0611e+01  3.2971  0.001057 **       
                idFlorida            -2.0716e+01  1.4604e+01 -1.4185  0.156748          
                idGeorgia            -6.2706e+00  6.4017e+00 -0.9795  0.327863          
                idIllinois            2.0352e+00  1.1579e+01  0.1758  0.860552          
                idIndiana            -4.0048e+00  5.7221e+00 -0.6999  0.484371          
                idLouisiana          -1.0269e+01  6.7945e+00 -1.5114  0.131398          
                idMaryland            4.1791e+00  5.2218e+00  0.8003  0.423965          
                idMassachusetts       5.7382e+01  9.0629e+00  6.3315 6.032e-10 ***      
                idMichigan            2.4292e+01  1.1436e+01  2.1242  0.034213 *        
                idMinnesota           2.1792e+01  1.1500e+01  1.8950  0.058748 .        
                idMissouri           -9.0961e+00  4.3092e+00 -2.1109  0.035351 *        
                idNewJersey           1.3228e+01  8.0971e+00  1.6337  0.103042          
                idNewYork             3.2132e+01  1.8778e+01  1.7111  0.087769 .        
                idNorthCarolina       7.3377e+00  6.1364e+00  1.1958  0.232440          
                idOhio                1.6077e+01  1.0299e+01  1.5610  0.119246          
                idPennsylvania        1.7700e+01  1.2105e+01  1.4622  0.144411          
                idTennessee          -9.9649e+00  3.1112e+00 -3.2029  0.001460 **       
                idTexas              -1.0897e+01  1.7856e+01 -0.6103  0.542010          
                idVirginia            6.0603e+00  6.0581e+00  1.0004  0.317685          
                idWashington          1.9479e+01  9.2656e+00  2.1023  0.036098 *        
                idWisconsin           1.0336e+01  1.0038e+01  1.0298  0.303696          
                time2000              6.8338e+03  1.1911e+03  5.7375 1.797e-08 ***      
                time2001              6.8426e+03  1.1917e+03  5.7421 1.753e-08 ***      
                time2002              6.8443e+03  1.1917e+03  5.7434 1.740e-08 ***      
                time2003              6.8384e+03  1.1911e+03  5.7411 1.762e-08 ***      
                time2004              6.8305e+03  1.1902e+03  5.7387 1.785e-08 ***      
                time2005              6.8208e+03  1.1896e+03  5.7339 1.834e-08 ***      
                time2006              6.8193e+03  1.1892e+03  5.7344 1.828e-08 ***      
                time2007              6.8209e+03  1.1889e+03  5.7372 1.800e-08 ***      
                time2008              6.8124e+03  1.1879e+03  5.7349 1.824e-08 ***      
                time2009              6.8372e+03  1.1893e+03  5.7487 1.690e-08 ***      
                time2010              6.8288e+03  1.1887e+03  5.7448 1.727e-08 ***      
                time2011              6.8175e+03  1.1880e+03  5.7384 1.788e-08 ***      
                time2012              6.8145e+03  1.1882e+03  5.7352 1.820e-08 ***      
                time2013              6.8141e+03  1.1879e+03  5.7361 1.811e-08 ***      
                time2014              6.8089e+03  1.1882e+03  5.7305 1.868e-08 ***      
                time2015              6.8373e+03  1.1905e+03  5.7434 1.740e-08 ***      
                time2016              6.8363e+03  1.1908e+03  5.7407 1.766e-08 ***      
                time2017              6.8277e+03  1.1901e+03  5.7370 1.802e-08 ***      
                time2018              6.8172e+03  1.1893e+03  5.7321 1.851e-08 ***      
                time2019              6.8214e+03  1.1897e+03  5.7338 1.834e-08 ***      
                time2020              6.8209e+03  1.1912e+03  5.7262 1.912e-08 ***      
                iis27                 3.1936e+01  1.1791e+01  2.7086  0.007022 **       
                iis28                 1.2261e+02  1.1578e+01 10.5901 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 1.5067e+02  1.1416e+01 13.1984 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.9688e+02  1.1342e+01 17.3589 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 2.2250e+02  1.1589e+01 19.1992 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.9174e+02  1.1537e+01 16.6191 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.8186e+02  1.1601e+01 15.6765 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.7263e+02  1.1459e+01 15.0649 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.7129e+02  1.1142e+01 15.3727 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 1.2333e+02  1.1180e+01 11.0311 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                 1.3007e+02  1.0939e+01 11.8910 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                 1.4384e+02  1.0956e+01 13.1294 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                 1.2453e+02  1.1276e+01 11.0439 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis40                 1.3467e+02  1.1869e+01 11.3458 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis41                 1.1834e+02  1.2523e+01  9.4496 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004  3.0481e+01  9.7986e+00  3.1107  0.001988 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2007  -1.2247e+01  4.3074e+00 -2.8432  0.004676 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   75.764  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 33.124  1 8.645e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     8.67602      
                R-squared            0.96835      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  -1770.56899      
2

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:34:25 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                     -1.6410e-05  1.9644e-05 -0.8354 0.4039181          
                pop                      5.7782e-03  1.7970e-03  3.2154 0.0013865 **       
                avg_temp                -1.4369e-02  1.0224e-01 -0.1405 0.8882933          
                fuel                    -1.8662e-02  4.0830e-02 -0.4571 0.6478160          
                idAlaska                 1.7719e+01  6.7241e+00  2.6352 0.0086688 **       
                idArkansas               8.3257e+00  2.5630e+00  3.2485 0.0012381 **       
                idDelaware               3.0843e+01  5.5385e+00  5.5688 4.190e-08 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.2724e+01  6.4179e+00  3.5408 0.0004362 ***      
                idHawaii                 1.7427e+01  4.9684e+00  3.5076 0.0004928 ***      
                idIdaho                  1.6790e+01  4.7667e+00  3.5224 0.0004668 ***      
                idIowa                   9.6310e+00  3.0710e+00  3.1361 0.0018125 **       
                idKansas                 9.7728e+00  3.0029e+00  3.2544 0.0012129 **       
                idKentucky               2.4168e+00  1.1733e+00  2.0599 0.0399224 *        
                idMaine                  1.7415e+01  5.1758e+00  3.3646 0.0008252 ***      
                idMississippi            6.7668e+00  2.4058e+00  2.8127 0.0051057 **       
                idMontana                1.7235e+01  5.5371e+00  3.1126 0.0019606 **       
                idNebraska               1.4128e+01  4.4369e+00  3.1843 0.0015413 **       
                idNevada                 1.7296e+01  3.6477e+00  4.7416 2.768e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire           2.2963e+01  5.1833e+00  4.4302 1.157e-05 ***      
                idNewMexico              2.0471e+01  3.9079e+00  5.2385 2.389e-07 ***      
                idNorthDakota            1.8523e+01  6.0625e+00  3.0553 0.0023683 **       
                idOklahoma               7.6625e+00  1.6994e+00  4.5091 8.116e-06 ***      
                idOregon                 1.6235e+01  2.2573e+00  7.1922 2.336e-12 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            2.0592e+01  5.2400e+00  3.9298 9.696e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina          8.5230e+00  1.1026e+00  7.7298 5.938e-14 ***      
                idSouthDakota            1.9720e+01  5.6936e+00  3.4635 0.0005789 ***      
                idUtah                   1.6228e+01  3.3526e+00  4.8405 1.728e-06 ***      
                idVermont                2.0699e+01  5.9944e+00  3.4531 0.0006011 ***      
                idWestVirginia           1.2820e+01  4.1076e+00  3.1211 0.0019057 **       
                idWyoming                1.9941e+01  6.1860e+00  3.2236 0.0013485 **       
                time2000                -2.1153e+01  8.9896e+00 -2.3531 0.0190040 *        
                time2001                -2.1194e+01  9.0462e+00 -2.3429 0.0195256 *        
                time2002                -2.0766e+01  9.0426e+00 -2.2965 0.0220593 *        
                time2003                -2.0395e+01  9.0198e+00 -2.2611 0.0241812 *        
                time2004                -2.0830e+01  9.0452e+00 -2.3028 0.0216971 *        
                time2005                -1.9540e+01  9.1445e+00 -2.1368 0.0330949 *        
                time2006                -1.8744e+01  9.2569e+00 -2.0249 0.0434080 *        
                time2007                -1.7988e+01  9.2730e+00 -1.9398 0.0529678 .        
                time2008                -1.7316e+01  9.4437e+00 -1.8336 0.0673030 .        
                time2009                -1.7330e+01  9.1315e+00 -1.8978 0.0582913 .        
                time2010                -1.7104e+01  9.3344e+00 -1.8324 0.0674861 .        
                time2011                -1.6560e+01  9.5423e+00 -1.7354 0.0832766 .        
                time2012                -1.6326e+01  9.6576e+00 -1.6904 0.0915643 .        
                time2013                -1.7277e+01  9.5008e+00 -1.8185 0.0695797 .        
                time2014                -1.8905e+01  9.4143e+00 -2.0082 0.0451621 *        
                time2015                -1.9510e+01  9.2534e+00 -2.1084 0.0354934 *        
                time2016                -1.9445e+01  9.2926e+00 -2.0925 0.0368968 *        
                time2017                -1.9673e+01  9.2845e+00 -2.1189 0.0345883 *        
                time2018                -1.9403e+01  9.2972e+00 -2.0870 0.0373968 *        
                time2019                -2.0283e+01  9.2263e+00 -2.1984 0.0283758 *        
                time2020                -2.2795e+01  9.2826e+00 -2.4557 0.0143994 *        
                iis72                    1.3689e+01  2.3393e+00  5.8519 8.788e-09 ***      
                iis73                    8.7045e+00  2.3330e+00  3.7311 0.0002125 ***      
                iis74                    1.5885e+01  2.3343e+00  6.8049 2.895e-11 ***      
                iis77                    8.2957e+00  2.3380e+00  3.5481 0.0004245 ***      
                iis402                   1.7947e+01  2.3072e+00  7.7787 4.210e-14 ***      
                iis403                   9.5941e+00  2.3062e+00  4.1602 3.742e-05 ***      
                iis451                   1.5568e+01  2.3719e+00  6.5635 1.315e-10 ***      
                iis454                   1.3068e+01  2.3628e+00  5.5309 5.138e-08 ***      
                iis459                   1.6452e+01  2.3698e+00  6.9420 1.202e-11 ***      
                iis460                   1.6576e+01  2.3781e+00  6.9700 1.003e-11 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -7.4488e+00  1.1273e+00 -6.6075 1.001e-10 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012        -5.3300e+00  1.1743e+00 -4.5389 7.088e-06 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.3929e+01  1.3288e+00 10.4825 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2020 -1.9862e+01  2.3823e+00 -8.3372 7.389e-16 ***      
                fesisUtah.2016          -5.6229e+00  1.2502e+00 -4.4975 8.551e-06 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   6.6745  1 0.00978 **      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 6.9020  1 0.00861 **      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.18039      
                R-squared            0.89476      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -1213.51557      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:37:13 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -4.2627e+01  4.1358e+01 -1.0307 0.3031886          
                gdp_sq                   2.6517e-11  1.1908e-10  0.2227 0.8238737          
                lpop                     1.3393e+01  4.0094e+00  3.3405 0.0008989 ***      
                lgdp_sq                  1.8391e+00  1.9788e+00  0.9294 0.3531310          
                avg_temp                -8.7161e-03  1.0263e-01 -0.0849 0.9323499          
                lfuel                   -7.5040e-01  2.2953e+00 -0.3269 0.7438635          
                idAlaska                 2.2712e+01  7.5831e+00  2.9951 0.0028804 **       
                idArkansas               6.7128e+00  1.9158e+00  3.5039 0.0004999 ***      
                idDelaware               3.4194e+01  5.8820e+00  5.8133 1.095e-08 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.8610e+01  7.5956e+00  3.7666 0.0001852 ***      
                idHawaii                 1.7431e+01  4.3694e+00  3.9893 7.621e-05 ***      
                idIdaho                  1.6237e+01  4.4120e+00  3.6802 0.0002585 ***      
                idIowa                   7.0266e+00  2.3733e+00  2.9606 0.0032168 **       
                idKansas                 7.3245e+00  2.1775e+00  3.3637 0.0008284 ***      
                idKentucky               1.6664e+00  1.0674e+00  1.5612 0.1191016          
                idMaine                  1.7549e+01  4.9672e+00  3.5329 0.0004493 ***      
                idMississippi            5.3796e+00  1.8439e+00  2.9176 0.0036872 **       
                idMontana                1.8677e+01  5.7579e+00  3.2437 0.0012589 **       
                idNebraska               1.2734e+01  3.7010e+00  3.4406 0.0006291 ***      
                idNevada                 1.4867e+01  2.7647e+00  5.3775 1.163e-07 ***      
                idNewHampshire           2.3312e+01  4.8791e+00  4.7780 2.334e-06 ***      
                idNewMexico              1.9037e+01  3.1758e+00  5.9945 3.921e-09 ***      
                idNorthDakota            2.2779e+01  6.9623e+00  3.2718 0.0011426 **       
                idOklahoma               5.7666e+00  1.1442e+00  5.0399 6.528e-07 ***      
                idOregon                 1.5520e+01  1.9975e+00  7.7696 4.534e-14 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            2.2013e+01  5.2373e+00  4.2031 3.121e-05 ***      
                idSouthCarolina          7.7253e+00  9.8675e-01  7.8291 2.979e-14 ***      
                idSouthDakota            2.2638e+01  6.2315e+00  3.6328 0.0003094 ***      
                idUtah                   1.4206e+01  2.6482e+00  5.3643 1.247e-07 ***      
                idVermont                2.4799e+01  7.1656e+00  3.4609 0.0005846 ***      
                idWestVirginia           1.1690e+01  3.5226e+00  3.3185 0.0009713 ***      
                idWyoming                2.6423e+01  7.6412e+00  3.4580 0.0005908 ***      
                time2000                 1.3718e+02  2.2586e+02  0.6074 0.5438782          
                time2001                 1.3709e+02  2.2587e+02  0.6069 0.5441656          
                time2002                 1.3756e+02  2.2587e+02  0.6090 0.5427793          
                time2003                 1.3797e+02  2.2585e+02  0.6109 0.5415594          
                time2004                 1.3748e+02  2.2581e+02  0.6088 0.5429246          
                time2005                 1.3869e+02  2.2579e+02  0.6143 0.5393276          
                time2006                 1.3941e+02  2.2578e+02  0.6174 0.5372313          
                time2007                 1.4011e+02  2.2579e+02  0.6205 0.5351957          
                time2008                 1.4052e+02  2.2579e+02  0.6224 0.5339881          
                time2009                 1.4089e+02  2.2583e+02  0.6239 0.5329822          
                time2010                 1.4095e+02  2.2582e+02  0.6242 0.5327963          
                time2011                 1.4126e+02  2.2582e+02  0.6255 0.5319046          
                time2012                 1.4145e+02  2.2581e+02  0.6264 0.5313370          
                time2013                 1.4047e+02  2.2582e+02  0.6220 0.5342045          
                time2014                 1.3889e+02  2.2581e+02  0.6151 0.5387908          
                time2015                 1.3863e+02  2.2579e+02  0.6140 0.5395165          
                time2016                 1.3867e+02  2.2581e+02  0.6141 0.5394318          
                time2017                 1.3840e+02  2.2580e+02  0.6129 0.5402153          
                time2018                 1.3855e+02  2.2580e+02  0.6136 0.5397519          
                time2019                 1.3768e+02  2.2581e+02  0.6097 0.5423270          
                time2020                 1.3520e+02  2.2583e+02  0.5987 0.5496633          
                iis72                    1.3322e+01  2.3182e+00  5.7469 1.586e-08 ***      
                iis73                    8.2782e+00  2.3067e+00  3.5888 0.0003651 ***      
                iis74                    1.5426e+01  2.3134e+00  6.6680 6.904e-11 ***      
                iis77                    7.7379e+00  2.3268e+00  3.3255 0.0009478 ***      
                iis402                   1.7003e+01  2.3004e+00  7.3911 6.197e-13 ***      
                iis403                   8.5609e+00  2.3013e+00  3.7200 0.0002219 ***      
                iis451                   1.5441e+01  2.3473e+00  6.5783 1.206e-10 ***      
                iis454                   1.3151e+01  2.3368e+00  5.6277 3.053e-08 ***      
                iis459                   1.6570e+01  2.3445e+00  7.0675 5.352e-12 ***      
                iis460                   1.6779e+01  2.3562e+00  7.1211 3.764e-12 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -8.2389e+00  1.1744e+00 -7.0153 7.525e-12 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012        -5.2120e+00  1.0984e+00 -4.7450 2.728e-06 ***      
                fesisOregon.2015        -3.8726e+00  1.2758e+00 -3.0355 0.0025271 **       
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.4960e+01  1.1998e+00 12.4687 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2020 -1.9578e+01  2.3668e+00 -8.2718 1.214e-15 ***      
                fesisUtah.2016          -6.2529e+00  1.2484e+00 -5.0087 7.622e-07 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   5.1993  1 0.02260 *      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.5212  1 0.06059 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.15295      
                R-squared            0.89801      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -1204.83601      

0.001

1

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:32:51 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                  -1.9222e-05  1.3113e-05 -1.4659 0.1434006          
                pop                   3.3704e-03  1.1737e-03  2.8716 0.0042818 **       
                avg_temp              5.9297e-01  5.6597e-01  1.0477 0.2953563          
                fuel                  4.6364e-01  1.9419e-01  2.3876 0.0173800 *        
                idCalifornia          7.0552e+00  2.2174e+01  0.3182 0.7505008          
                idColorado            2.3735e+01  8.9229e+00  2.6600 0.0081005 **       
                idConnecticut         3.2934e+01  7.2314e+00  4.5544 6.816e-06 ***      
                idFlorida            -2.7477e+01  1.1226e+01 -2.4476 0.0147738 *        
                idGeorgia            -1.2785e+01  3.8426e+00 -3.3271 0.0009514 ***      
                idIllinois            2.9842e+00  7.4389e+00  0.4012 0.6884975          
                idIndiana            -5.2626e+00  5.7168e+00 -0.9206 0.3577899          
                idLouisiana          -1.6074e+01  4.8199e+00 -3.3350 0.0009255 ***      
                idMaryland           -5.3753e-01  4.3422e+00 -0.1238 0.9015362          
                idMassachusetts       5.1364e+01  7.6591e+00  6.7062 6.166e-11 ***      
                idMichigan            2.0563e+01  1.0168e+01  2.0223 0.0437499 *        
                idMinnesota           2.0423e+01  1.1313e+01  1.8052 0.0717255 .        
                idMissouri           -8.1919e+00  4.3203e+00 -1.8961 0.0586011 .        
                idNewJersey           8.7787e+00  5.5078e+00  1.5939 0.1116849          
                idNewYork             4.0303e+01  1.3345e+01  3.0201 0.0026743 **       
                idNorthCarolina       1.4694e+00  3.7219e+00  0.3948 0.6931812          
                idOhio                1.2617e+01  7.4999e+00  1.6822 0.0932362 .        
                idPennsylvania        1.5864e+01  8.9048e+00  1.7815 0.0755266 .        
                idTennessee          -9.9531e+00  3.1321e+00 -3.1778 0.0015889 **       
                idTexas              -1.7143e+01  1.3659e+01 -1.2551 0.2101021          
                idVirginia            2.0722e-01  4.2537e+00  0.0487 0.9611693          
                idWashington          1.4120e+01  8.4634e+00  1.6684 0.0959582 .        
                idWisconsin           1.2164e+01  1.0135e+01  1.2002 0.2307180          
                time2000             -5.8171e+01  3.5107e+01 -1.6570 0.0982438 .        
                time2001             -5.4388e+01  3.5381e+01 -1.5372 0.1249628          
                time2002             -5.2763e+01  3.5390e+01 -1.4909 0.1367080          
                time2003             -5.3925e+01  3.5028e+01 -1.5395 0.1244103          
                time2004             -5.5704e+01  3.5795e+01 -1.5562 0.1203831          
                time2005             -6.0249e+01  3.7039e+01 -1.6266 0.1045300          
                time2006             -6.0202e+01  3.8131e+01 -1.5788 0.1151002          
                time2007             -5.8250e+01  3.8267e+01 -1.5222 0.1286783          
                time2008             -6.6239e+01  4.0154e+01 -1.6496 0.0997379 .        
                time2009             -4.3461e+01  3.6651e+01 -1.1858 0.2363450          
                time2010             -4.9917e+01  3.8589e+01 -1.2935 0.1965025          
                time2011             -6.1085e+01  4.0525e+01 -1.5073 0.1324459          
                time2012             -6.4423e+01  4.1266e+01 -1.5612 0.1192010          
                time2013             -6.4486e+01  4.0002e+01 -1.6121 0.1076662          
                time2014             -6.9527e+01  3.8731e+01 -1.7951 0.0733217 .        
                time2015             -4.9728e+01  3.6437e+01 -1.3648 0.1730282          
                time2016             -5.3205e+01  3.6763e+01 -1.4473 0.1485369          
                time2017             -5.7106e+01  3.7166e+01 -1.5365 0.1251297          
                time2018             -6.3831e+01  3.7726e+01 -1.6920 0.0913596 .        
                time2019             -6.1419e+01  3.6999e+01 -1.6600 0.0976248 .        
                time2020             -7.0224e+01  3.6446e+01 -1.9268 0.0546534 .        
                iis27                 2.6696e+01  1.2742e+01  2.0952 0.0367281 *        
                iis28                 1.1514e+02  1.2820e+01  8.9813 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 1.4178e+02  1.2831e+01 11.0499 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.8673e+02  1.2840e+01 14.5435 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 2.1366e+02  1.2780e+01 16.7184 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.8106e+02  1.2844e+01 14.0972 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.6862e+02  1.3089e+01 12.8818 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.5616e+02  1.3180e+01 11.8482 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.5036e+02  1.3076e+01 11.4990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 9.7090e+01  1.3349e+01  7.2734 1.624e-12 ***      
                iis37                 9.8394e+01  1.3325e+01  7.3841 7.775e-13 ***      
                iis38                 1.0493e+02  1.3441e+01  7.8067 4.346e-14 ***      
                iis39                 7.7246e+01  1.3863e+01  5.5720 4.399e-08 ***      
                iis40                 7.8203e+01  1.4405e+01  5.4291 9.394e-08 ***      
                iis41                 5.4929e+01  1.4903e+01  3.6857 0.0002566 ***      
                iis42                -6.1550e+01  1.4561e+01 -4.2270 2.882e-05 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004  3.1483e+01  1.0085e+01  3.1217 0.0019172 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   86.038  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 36.207  1 1.775e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     8.80118      
                R-squared            0.96728      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  -1778.78720      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:35:47 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 504       
                Sample: 1 to 504       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                            coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                 -1.2470e+03  1.8319e+02 -6.8070 3.284e-11 ***      
                gdp_sq               -3.7531e-11  4.8871e-12 -7.6795 1.048e-13 ***      
                lpop                  3.5945e+01  1.6865e+01  2.1313 0.0336224 *        
                lgdp_sq               4.8517e+01  7.1293e+00  6.8053 3.320e-11 ***      
                avg_temp              2.7186e-01  5.6479e-01  0.4813 0.6305123          
                lfuel                 3.2981e+01  1.0743e+01  3.0700 0.0022735 **       
                idCalifornia          2.1214e+01  2.3365e+01  0.9079 0.3644083          
                idColorado            2.3060e+01  9.4642e+00  2.4365 0.0152262 *        
                idConnecticut         3.5790e+01  1.0758e+01  3.3268 0.0009523 ***      
                idFlorida            -3.1104e+01  1.4506e+01 -2.1442 0.0325623 *        
                idGeorgia            -1.0345e+01  6.3514e+00 -1.6287 0.1040891          
                idIllinois           -8.9225e+00  1.1348e+01 -0.7863 0.4321264          
                idIndiana            -5.9631e+00  5.7833e+00 -1.0311 0.3030654          
                idLouisiana          -1.5228e+01  6.5772e+00 -2.3153 0.0210581 *        
                idMaryland            2.8672e+00  5.2822e+00  0.5428 0.5875476          
                idMassachusetts       5.2559e+01  9.0909e+00  5.7815 1.407e-08 ***      
                idMichigan            1.7029e+01  1.1433e+01  1.4894 0.1370922          
                idMinnesota           1.8785e+01  1.1643e+01  1.6134 0.1073666          
                idMissouri           -9.7355e+00  4.3688e+00 -2.2284 0.0263595 *        
                idNewJersey           6.6809e+00  7.9914e+00  0.8360 0.4036022          
                idNewYork             1.3978e+01  1.8390e+01  0.7601 0.4476194          
                idNorthCarolina       2.8357e+00  6.0683e+00  0.4673 0.6405131          
                idOhio                7.5681e+00  1.0175e+01  0.7438 0.4573792          
                idPennsylvania        7.1840e+00  1.1934e+01  0.6020 0.5475095          
                idTennessee          -1.0450e+01  3.1546e+00 -3.3127 0.0010004 **       
                idTexas              -2.6088e+01  1.7576e+01 -1.4843 0.1384590          
                idVirginia            1.7632e+00  6.0050e+00  0.2936 0.7691786          
                idWashington          1.4703e+01  9.3073e+00  1.5797 0.1148896          
                idWisconsin           7.7917e+00  1.0162e+01  0.7667 0.4436562          
                time2000              7.5746e+03  1.1697e+03  6.4757 2.532e-10 ***      
                time2001              7.5825e+03  1.1703e+03  6.4791 2.481e-10 ***      
                time2002              7.5841e+03  1.1703e+03  6.4804 2.462e-10 ***      
                time2003              7.5790e+03  1.1698e+03  6.4791 2.481e-10 ***      
                time2004              7.5720e+03  1.1689e+03  6.4779 2.499e-10 ***      
                time2005              7.5654e+03  1.1681e+03  6.4768 2.515e-10 ***      
                time2006              7.5640e+03  1.1677e+03  6.4775 2.505e-10 ***      
                time2007              7.5654e+03  1.1674e+03  6.4803 2.463e-10 ***      
                time2008              7.5585e+03  1.1664e+03  6.4801 2.466e-10 ***      
                time2009              7.5805e+03  1.1679e+03  6.4906 2.315e-10 ***      
                time2010              7.5736e+03  1.1673e+03  6.4884 2.344e-10 ***      
                time2011              7.5636e+03  1.1666e+03  6.4836 2.414e-10 ***      
                time2012              7.5608e+03  1.1667e+03  6.4804 2.462e-10 ***      
                time2013              7.5599e+03  1.1665e+03  6.4810 2.453e-10 ***      
                time2014              7.5539e+03  1.1667e+03  6.4743 2.554e-10 ***      
                time2015              7.5783e+03  1.1691e+03  6.4824 2.432e-10 ***      
                time2016              7.5767e+03  1.1694e+03  6.4789 2.484e-10 ***      
                time2017              7.5693e+03  1.1687e+03  6.4767 2.518e-10 ***      
                time2018              7.5601e+03  1.1679e+03  6.4734 2.568e-10 ***      
                time2019              7.5633e+03  1.1683e+03  6.4740 2.559e-10 ***      
                time2020              7.5604e+03  1.1698e+03  6.4630 2.734e-10 ***      
                iis28                 1.0907e+02  1.0651e+01 10.2407 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29                 1.3840e+02  1.0560e+01 13.1065 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30                 1.8504e+02  1.0535e+01 17.5647 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31                 2.1008e+02  1.0687e+01 19.6580 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32                 1.7952e+02  1.0658e+01 16.8430 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33                 1.7031e+02  1.0763e+01 15.8239 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34                 1.6181e+02  1.0700e+01 15.1232 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35                 1.6141e+02  1.0524e+01 15.3378 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36                 1.1489e+02  1.0740e+01 10.6981 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37                 1.2256e+02  1.0617e+01 11.5437 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38                 1.3653e+02  1.0736e+01 12.7170 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39                 1.1927e+02  1.1226e+01 10.6242 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis40                 1.3163e+02  1.1947e+01 11.0181 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis41                 1.1693e+02  1.2665e+01  9.2324 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisCalifornia.2004  4.6508e+01  8.1044e+00  5.7386 1.782e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df   p-value          
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   77.273  1 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 34.161  1 5.073e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     8.80433      
                R-squared            0.96726      
                Log-lik.(n=504)  -1778.96781      
2

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:34:27 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                gdp                     -2.1704e-05  2.0073e-05 -1.0812 0.2801204          
                pop                      5.8268e-03  1.8309e-03  3.1825 0.0015504 **       
                avg_temp                -3.8913e-02  1.0403e-01 -0.3741 0.7085161          
                fuel                    -2.4757e-02  4.1730e-02 -0.5933 0.5532618          
                idAlaska                 1.6329e+01  6.8955e+00  2.3681 0.0182551 *        
                idArkansas               7.9385e+00  2.6358e+00  3.0118 0.0027281 **       
                idDelaware               3.0044e+01  5.6972e+00  5.2735 1.992e-07 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     2.2337e+01  6.5624e+00  3.4037 0.0007178 ***      
                idHawaii                 1.7323e+01  5.0889e+00  3.4041 0.0007168 ***      
                idIdaho                  1.5769e+01  4.9013e+00  3.2172 0.0013777 **       
                idIowa                   9.1527e+00  3.1411e+00  2.9139 0.0037283 **       
                idKansas                 9.3949e+00  3.0755e+00  3.0547 0.0023720 **       
                idKentucky               2.1914e+00  1.1977e+00  1.8296 0.0679065 .        
                idMaine                  1.6343e+01  5.3181e+00  3.0730 0.0022339 **       
                idMississippi            6.4081e+00  2.4784e+00  2.5856 0.0100010 *        
                idMontana                1.6107e+01  5.6928e+00  2.8294 0.0048502 **       
                idNebraska               1.3456e+01  4.5498e+00  2.9575 0.0032470 **       
                idNevada                 1.6795e+01  3.7361e+00  4.4952 8.635e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire           2.2017e+01  5.3213e+00  4.1375 4.116e-05 ***      
                idNewMexico              1.9858e+01  4.0137e+00  4.9476 1.026e-06 ***      
                idNorthDakota            1.7392e+01  6.2259e+00  2.7935 0.0054126 **       
                idOklahoma               7.5167e+00  1.7374e+00  4.3264 1.829e-05 ***      
                idOregon                 1.4110e+01  2.8874e+00  4.8867 1.381e-06 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            1.9732e+01  5.3844e+00  3.6646 0.0002740 ***      
                idSouthCarolina          8.4416e+00  1.1253e+00  7.5019 2.872e-13 ***      
                idSouthDakota            1.8692e+01  5.8504e+00  3.1950 0.0014858 **       
                idUtah                   1.5605e+01  3.4397e+00  4.5368 7.149e-06 ***      
                idVermont                1.9551e+01  6.1615e+00  3.1731 0.0016003 **       
                idWestVirginia           1.2062e+01  4.2255e+00  2.8545 0.0044882 **       
                idWyoming                1.8810e+01  6.3549e+00  2.9599 0.0032229 **       
                time2000                -1.8684e+01  9.2310e+00 -2.0240 0.0434959 *        
                time2001                -1.8735e+01  9.2862e+00 -2.0175 0.0441744 *        
                time2002                -1.8207e+01  9.2732e+00 -1.9634 0.0501558 .        
                time2003                -1.8109e+01  9.2585e+00 -1.9560 0.0510235 .        
                time2004                -1.8321e+01  9.2865e+00 -1.9729 0.0490562 *        
                time2005                -1.6918e+01  9.3953e+00 -1.8007 0.0723488 .        
                time2006                -1.6039e+01  9.5148e+00 -1.6857 0.0924742 .        
                time2007                -1.5252e+01  9.5351e+00 -1.5995 0.1103294          
                time2008                -1.4421e+01  9.7241e+00 -1.4830 0.1386974          
                time2009                -1.4873e+01  9.3834e+00 -1.5850 0.1135905          
                time2010                -1.4238e+01  9.5987e+00 -1.4833 0.1386256          
                time2011                -1.3797e+01  9.8204e+00 -1.4050 0.1606471          
                time2012                -1.3522e+01  9.9366e+00 -1.3608 0.1741844          
                time2013                -1.4210e+01  9.7803e+00 -1.4529 0.1468630          
                time2014                -1.6065e+01  9.6901e+00 -1.6578 0.0979719 .        
                time2015                -1.6879e+01  9.5051e+00 -1.7757 0.0763809 .        
                time2016                -1.6827e+01  9.5422e+00 -1.7634 0.0784352 .        
                time2017                -1.7004e+01  9.5396e+00 -1.7824 0.0752817 .        
                time2018                -1.6656e+01  9.5608e+00 -1.7421 0.0821096 .        
                time2019                -1.7580e+01  9.4864e+00 -1.8532 0.0644427 .        
                time2020                -2.0193e+01  9.5324e+00 -2.1183 0.0346382 *        
                iis451                   1.5723e+01  2.4104e+00  6.5229 1.683e-10 ***      
                iis454                   1.3172e+01  2.4024e+00  5.4827 6.639e-08 ***      
                iis459                   1.6539e+01  2.4099e+00  6.8630 1.991e-11 ***      
                iis460                   1.6675e+01  2.4186e+00  6.8944 1.627e-11 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2008       1.2929e+01  1.5374e+00  8.4095 4.275e-16 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2011      -9.5937e+00  1.8466e+00 -5.1953 2.975e-07 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -1.0689e+01  1.5673e+00 -6.8202 2.616e-11 ***      
                fesisNevada.2012        -5.3037e+00  1.1966e+00 -4.4322 1.146e-05 ***      
                fesisOregon.2002         1.5378e+01  2.2621e+00  6.7980 3.013e-11 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004        -1.3445e+01  1.7359e+00 -7.7456 5.284e-14 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.3953e+01  1.3540e+00 10.3051 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2020 -1.9780e+01  2.4227e+00 -8.1644 2.618e-15 ***      
                fesisUtah.2016          -5.4592e+00  1.2781e+00 -4.2713 2.324e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   4.8354  1 0.02788 *      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 6.2818  1 0.01220 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.21682      
                R-squared            0.89078      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -1223.91187      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 0      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:37:16 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 567       
                Sample: 1 to 567       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                lgdp                    -6.0936e+01  4.1287e+01 -1.4759  0.140595          
                gdp_sq                  -1.3018e-10  1.1508e-10 -1.1312  0.258501          
                lpop                     4.0346e+00  3.9027e+00  1.0338  0.301730          
                lgdp_sq                  2.7841e+00  1.9731e+00  1.4110  0.158861          
                avg_temp                -6.5131e-02  1.0839e-01 -0.6009  0.548171          
                lfuel                   -3.2914e+00  2.4481e+00 -1.3445  0.179393          
                idAlaska                 2.1068e+00  7.4092e+00  0.2844  0.776256          
                idArkansas               6.0487e-01  1.8150e+00  0.3333  0.739083          
                idDelaware               1.6923e+01  5.6734e+00  2.9828  0.002995 **       
                idDistrictofColumbia     7.8141e+00  7.2993e+00  1.0705  0.284892          
                idHawaii                 5.3596e+00  4.2061e+00  1.2743  0.203161          
                idIdaho                  3.6958e+00  4.2897e+00  0.8616  0.389345          
                idIowa                   1.1542e+00  2.3685e+00  0.4873  0.626254          
                idKansas                 8.8439e-01  2.1032e+00  0.4205  0.674295          
                idKentucky              -1.3127e-02  1.1075e+00 -0.0119  0.990547          
                idMaine                  3.6206e+00  4.8348e+00  0.7489  0.454286          
                idMississippi           -3.4475e-01  1.7474e+00 -0.1973  0.843682          
                idMontana                2.3525e+00  5.5814e+00  0.4215  0.673577          
                idNebraska               1.6826e+00  3.5630e+00  0.4722  0.636960          
                idNevada                 5.1366e+00  2.5108e+00  2.0458  0.041293 *        
                idNewHampshire           9.1658e+00  4.7183e+00  1.9426  0.052620 .        
                idNewMexico              9.2959e+00  3.0365e+00  3.0614  0.002321 **       
                idNorthDakota            3.1498e+00  6.7407e+00  0.4673  0.640497          
                idOklahoma               2.8276e+00  1.1297e+00  2.5030  0.012632 *        
                idOregon                 8.0253e+00  2.5902e+00  3.0983  0.002055 **       
                idRhodeIsland            6.6049e+00  5.0248e+00  1.3145  0.189287          
                idSouthCarolina          6.2763e+00  1.0202e+00  6.1522 1.560e-09 ***      
                idSouthDakota            4.8469e+00  6.0157e+00  0.8057  0.420795          
                idUtah                   5.4572e+00  2.5003e+00  2.1826  0.029527 *        
                idVermont                4.6718e+00  6.9431e+00  0.6729  0.501337          
                idWestVirginia           1.0885e+00  3.3795e+00  0.3221  0.747515          
                idWyoming                4.6961e+00  7.3715e+00  0.6371  0.524373          
                time2000                 3.1637e+02  2.2537e+02  1.4038  0.161001          
                time2001                 3.1590e+02  2.2540e+02  1.4015  0.161676          
                time2002                 3.1651e+02  2.2540e+02  1.4043  0.160859          
                time2003                 3.1716e+02  2.2535e+02  1.4074  0.159925          
                time2004                 3.1765e+02  2.2528e+02  1.4100  0.159151          
                time2005                 3.1980e+02  2.2523e+02  1.4199  0.156260          
                time2006                 3.2106e+02  2.2520e+02  1.4257  0.154581          
                time2007                 3.2208e+02  2.2519e+02  1.4302  0.153267          
                time2008                 3.2335e+02  2.2516e+02  1.4361  0.151602          
                time2009                 3.2227e+02  2.2525e+02  1.4307  0.153137          
                time2010                 3.2341e+02  2.2521e+02  1.4360  0.151627          
                time2011                 3.2418e+02  2.2519e+02  1.4396  0.150602          
                time2012                 3.2434e+02  2.2519e+02  1.4403  0.150402          
                time2013                 3.2364e+02  2.2519e+02  1.4372  0.151295          
                time2014                 3.2170e+02  2.2519e+02  1.4286  0.153746          
                time2015                 3.1967e+02  2.2527e+02  1.4191  0.156495          
                time2016                 3.1930e+02  2.2529e+02  1.4173  0.157016          
                time2017                 3.1966e+02  2.2526e+02  1.4191  0.156499          
                time2018                 3.2052e+02  2.2522e+02  1.4231  0.155325          
                time2019                 3.1942e+02  2.2525e+02  1.4181  0.156780          
                time2020                 3.1590e+02  2.2532e+02  1.4020  0.161523          
                iis451                   1.4861e+01  2.4767e+00  6.0004 3.767e-09 ***      
                iis454                   1.2880e+01  2.4696e+00  5.2156 2.682e-07 ***      
                iis459                   1.7627e+01  2.4731e+00  7.1276 3.565e-12 ***      
                iis460                   1.8103e+01  2.4817e+00  7.2948 1.172e-12 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2008       1.2647e+01  1.5957e+00  7.9256 1.473e-14 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2011      -9.6037e+00  1.8966e+00 -5.0635 5.785e-07 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -1.0707e+01  1.6180e+00 -6.6170 9.403e-11 ***      
                fesisOregon.2002         1.5654e+01  2.3238e+00  6.7364 4.453e-11 ***      
                fesisOregon.2004        -1.2088e+01  1.8163e+00 -6.6554 7.402e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.6239e+01  1.2513e+00 12.9776 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2020 -1.8516e+01  2.4935e+00 -7.4258 4.830e-13 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   9.4265  1 0.002139 **      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 3.8233  1 0.050544 .       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.27739      
                R-squared            0.88473      
                Log-lik.(n=567)  -1239.19585      

AR1

Ihs Patent Count

0.01

1

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:38:10 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                    3.6552e-02  4.0202e-02   0.9092 0.3637640          
                gdp                   -6.1261e-05  5.9334e-06 -10.3246 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                pop                    3.7213e-03  4.4741e-04   8.3175 1.252e-15 ***      
                avg_temp              -7.7980e-02  2.1871e-02  -3.5655 0.0004047 ***      
                fuel                   1.5677e-02  3.4902e-03   4.4918 9.130e-06 ***      
                idCalifornia           2.1940e+00  1.1665e-01  18.8082 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado             3.0789e-01  7.1575e-02   4.3017 2.108e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut          9.6050e-01  1.0271e-01   9.3514 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida              3.9872e-01  7.2325e-02   5.5128 6.161e-08 ***      
                idGeorgia             -3.1530e-01  7.1576e-02  -4.4051 1.342e-05 ***      
                idIllinois             4.1477e-01  7.2770e-02   5.6997 2.257e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             -7.2865e-01  7.6121e-02  -9.5723 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.3307e+00  1.4015e-01  -9.4946 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland            -3.9680e-01  7.1986e-02  -5.5122 6.182e-08 ***      
                idMassachusetts        1.0787e+00  8.4405e-02  12.7800 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan             6.2148e-01  7.5639e-02   8.2164 2.597e-15 ***      
                idMinnesota            5.2002e-01  1.0627e-01   4.8934 1.413e-06 ***      
                idMissouri            -9.8747e-01  8.3572e-02 -11.8158 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey            2.9145e-01  7.1614e-02   4.0697 5.619e-05 ***      
                idNewYork              1.7335e+00  1.4337e-01  12.0915 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina        3.0131e-01  7.1611e-02   4.2077 3.154e-05 ***      
                idOhio                 6.2788e-01  7.6103e-02   8.2505 2.032e-15 ***      
                idPennsylvania         6.8895e-01  7.6824e-02   8.9678 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTennessee           -8.9229e-01  8.1324e-02 -10.9720 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                8.3450e-01  7.9180e-02  10.5392 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia            -3.4604e-02  7.1214e-02  -0.4859 0.6272762          
                idWashington           1.9471e-01  7.0831e-02   2.7489 0.0062363 **       
                idWisconsin           -1.7456e-01  7.9523e-02  -2.1951 0.0287002 *        
                time2001               9.0008e-01  2.3059e-01   3.9033 0.0001104 ***      
                time2002               9.3533e-01  2.1533e-01   4.3438 1.756e-05 ***      
                time2003               1.3372e+00  2.4052e-01   5.5594 4.808e-08 ***      
                time2004               1.2840e+00  2.1320e-01   6.0225 3.741e-09 ***      
                time2005               1.7754e+00  2.6530e-01   6.6919 7.026e-11 ***      
                time2006               1.7833e+00  2.7155e-01   6.5673 1.510e-10 ***      
                time2007               1.9148e+00  2.9000e-01   6.6027 1.216e-10 ***      
                time2008               9.5528e-01  2.9171e-01   3.2748 0.0011446 **       
                time2009               6.8274e-02  1.1315e-01   0.6034 0.5465893          
                time2010              -3.2196e-01  1.2486e-01  -2.5785 0.0102602 *        
                time2011              -6.8653e-01  1.9011e-01  -3.6112 0.0003414 ***      
                time2012              -5.6564e-01  2.1360e-01  -2.6481 0.0083983 **       
                time2013              -8.7186e-01  1.6161e-01  -5.3948 1.145e-07 ***      
                time2014              -1.0157e+00  1.4336e-01  -7.0852 5.858e-12 ***      
                time2015              -3.1521e-01  1.1010e-01  -2.8630 0.0044051 **       
                time2016              -1.8696e-01  1.1919e-01  -1.5685 0.1175106          
                iis3                  -7.1654e-01  2.3050e-01  -3.1086 0.0020071 **       
                iis111                 7.1142e-01  2.3040e-01   3.0877 0.0021501 **       
                iis161                -1.2306e+00  2.5094e-01  -4.9042 1.341e-06 ***      
                iis179                 7.5313e-01  2.4520e-01   3.0715 0.0022677 **       
                iis261                -1.4446e+00  2.3024e-01  -6.2742 8.721e-10 ***      
                iis383                -1.1331e+00  2.3003e-01  -4.9260 1.207e-06 ***      
                iis421                -1.1539e+00  2.3031e-01  -5.0102 8.011e-07 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -6.3462e-01  1.0575e-01  -6.0011 4.224e-09 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2006   -4.6196e-01  1.5032e-01  -3.0732 0.0022549 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -7.4516e-01  1.5367e-01  -4.8491 1.747e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    9.3286e-01  1.5399e-01   6.0578 3.057e-09 ***      
                fesisMinnesota.2007   -4.5404e-01  1.1053e-01  -4.1079 4.796e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005     -5.4481e-01  1.2737e-01  -4.2776 2.340e-05 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014    4.1829e-01  1.0593e-01   3.9488 9.200e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.27028  1  0.6031      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.57723  1  0.1084      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.21911      
                R-squared         0.95549      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  76.64153      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:40:46 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                    3.6552e-02  4.0202e-02   0.9092 0.3637640          
                lgdp                  -1.3227e+02  3.4686e+02  -0.3813 0.7031445          
                gdp_sq                -1.1032e-09  3.9746e-09  -0.2776 0.7814879          
                lpop                  -4.2989e+01  3.0345e+02  -0.1417 0.8874108          
                lgdp_sq                1.3722e+01  4.7439e+01   0.2892 0.7725323          
                avg_temp              -5.3993e-01  2.0354e+00  -0.2653 0.7909299          
                lfuel                  8.3538e-01  3.7723e-01   2.2145 0.0273259 *        
                idCalifornia           2.1940e+00  1.1665e-01  18.8082 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado             3.0789e-01  7.1575e-02   4.3017 2.108e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut          9.6050e-01  1.0271e-01   9.3514 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idFlorida              3.9872e-01  7.2325e-02   5.5128 6.161e-08 ***      
                idGeorgia             -3.1530e-01  7.1576e-02  -4.4051 1.342e-05 ***      
                idIllinois             4.1477e-01  7.2770e-02   5.6997 2.257e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             -7.2865e-01  7.6121e-02  -9.5723 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.3307e+00  1.4015e-01  -9.4946 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland            -3.9680e-01  7.1986e-02  -5.5122 6.182e-08 ***      
                idMassachusetts        1.0787e+00  8.4405e-02  12.7800 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan             6.2148e-01  7.5639e-02   8.2164 2.597e-15 ***      
                idMinnesota            5.2002e-01  1.0627e-01   4.8934 1.413e-06 ***      
                idMissouri            -9.8747e-01  8.3572e-02 -11.8158 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey            2.9145e-01  7.1614e-02   4.0697 5.619e-05 ***      
                idNewYork              1.7335e+00  1.4337e-01  12.0915 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina        3.0131e-01  7.1611e-02   4.2077 3.154e-05 ***      
                idOhio                 6.2788e-01  7.6103e-02   8.2505 2.032e-15 ***      
                idPennsylvania         6.8895e-01  7.6824e-02   8.9678 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTennessee           -8.9229e-01  8.1324e-02 -10.9720 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                8.3450e-01  7.9180e-02  10.5392 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia            -3.4604e-02  7.1214e-02  -0.4859 0.6272762          
                idWashington           1.9471e-01  7.0831e-02   2.7489 0.0062363 **       
                idWisconsin           -1.7456e-01  7.9523e-02  -2.1951 0.0287002 *        
                time2001               9.3119e+00  1.7847e+01   0.5218 0.6021148          
                time2002               6.7882e+00  9.3867e+00   0.7232 0.4699761          
                time2003               2.4990e+00  7.2622e+00   0.3441 0.7309332          
                time2004              -8.5531e-01  1.8682e+01  -0.0458 0.9635058          
                time2005              -3.9291e+00  3.0517e+01  -0.1288 0.8976165          
                time2006              -4.8665e+00  3.2675e+01  -0.1489 0.8816755          
                time2007              -4.8650e+00  3.2116e+01  -0.1515 0.8796694          
                time2008              -4.5063e+00  2.6981e+01  -0.1670 0.8674356          
                time2009               1.2187e+00  3.2439e-01   3.7570 0.0001962 ***      
                time2010               3.7814e-01  1.6828e+00   0.2247 0.8223148          
                time2011              -8.0299e-01  5.1813e+00  -0.1550 0.8769125          
                time2012              -3.3576e-01  2.9236e+00  -0.1148 0.9086232          
                time2013              -1.1152e+00  4.6123e+00  -0.2418 0.8090577          
                time2014              -2.7016e-01  5.4956e-01  -0.4916 0.6232581          
                iis3                  -7.1654e-01  2.3050e-01  -3.1086 0.0020071 **       
                iis111                 7.1142e-01  2.3040e-01   3.0877 0.0021501 **       
                iis161                -1.2306e+00  2.5094e-01  -4.9042 1.341e-06 ***      
                iis179                 7.5313e-01  2.4520e-01   3.0715 0.0022677 **       
                iis261                -1.4446e+00  2.3024e-01  -6.2742 8.721e-10 ***      
                iis383                -1.1331e+00  2.3003e-01  -4.9260 1.207e-06 ***      
                iis421                -1.1539e+00  2.3031e-01  -5.0102 8.011e-07 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -6.3462e-01  1.0575e-01  -6.0011 4.224e-09 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2006   -4.6196e-01  1.5032e-01  -3.0732 0.0022549 **       
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -7.4516e-01  1.5367e-01  -4.8491 1.747e-06 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    9.3286e-01  1.5399e-01   6.0578 3.057e-09 ***      
                fesisMinnesota.2007   -4.5404e-01  1.1053e-01  -4.1079 4.796e-05 ***      
                fesisNewYork.2005     -5.4481e-01  1.2737e-01  -4.2776 2.340e-05 ***      
                fesisWisconsin.2014    4.1829e-01  1.0593e-01   3.9488 9.200e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                   Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.27028  1  0.6031      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.57723  1  0.1084      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.21911      
                R-squared         0.95549      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  76.64153      
2

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:39:26 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           2.5001e-02  4.3906e-02  0.5694 0.5693388          
                gdp                          -1.0079e-04  3.6463e-05 -2.7643 0.0059238 **       
                pop                          -4.7065e-04  1.4093e-03 -0.3340 0.7385579          
                avg_temp                      3.3050e-01  9.2718e-02  3.5646 0.0004007 ***      
                fuel                          4.5209e-02  1.1277e-02  4.0089 7.067e-05 ***      
                idAlaska                     -1.2917e+00  1.7407e-01 -7.4207 5.304e-13 ***      
                idArkansas                   -4.2125e-01  1.6438e-01 -2.5626 0.0106926 *        
                idDelaware                    1.7990e+00  1.9991e-01  8.9990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia         -7.9702e-02  2.0164e-01 -0.3953 0.6928147          
                idHawaii                      1.9604e-01  1.7028e-01  1.1513 0.2501954          
                idIdaho                       3.4365e-01  1.6338e-01  2.1034 0.0359479 *        
                idIowa                        3.3045e-01  1.6330e-01  2.0236 0.0435606 *        
                idKansas                      4.0258e-02  1.6286e-01  0.2472 0.8048657          
                idKentucky                    1.6421e-01  1.6298e-01  1.0075 0.3141804          
                idMaine                       1.8270e-01  1.6288e-01  1.1217 0.2625603          
                idMississippi                 4.5951e-01  3.2358e-01  1.4201 0.1562271          
                idMontana                    -5.5408e-01  1.6503e-01 -3.3575 0.0008487 ***      
                idNebraska                   -6.6277e-01  1.9204e-01 -3.4512 0.0006073 ***      
                idNevada                      9.4008e-01  1.6776e-01  5.6039 3.531e-08 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.1187e+00  1.7057e-01  6.5586 1.402e-10 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.2543e+00  1.7189e-01  7.2972 1.219e-12 ***      
                idNorthDakota                -7.5281e-01  1.6733e-01 -4.4989 8.571e-06 ***      
                idOklahoma                    7.0361e-01  1.6521e-01  4.2588 2.472e-05 ***      
                idOregon                      1.7558e+00  1.8024e-01  9.7415 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 5.6118e-01  1.6491e-01  3.4030 0.0007220 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.3448e+00  2.3570e-01  5.7056 2.026e-08 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -7.8761e-01  2.3186e-01 -3.3969 0.0007379 ***      
                idUtah                        9.3983e-01  1.6794e-01  5.5961 3.683e-08 ***      
                idVermont                    -2.4636e-03  1.6286e-01 -0.0151 0.9879370          
                idWestVirginia               -7.0511e-01  1.6626e-01 -4.2409 2.669e-05 ***      
                idWyoming                    -4.1449e-01  1.6417e-01 -2.5248 0.0118972 *        
                time2001                     -2.9029e+00  9.9565e-01 -2.9156 0.0037157 **       
                time2002                     -2.6694e+00  9.3381e-01 -2.8587 0.0044386 **       
                time2003                     -1.9077e+00  7.4662e-01 -2.5551 0.0109226 *        
                time2004                     -1.5302e+00  4.9655e-01 -3.0816 0.0021766 **       
                time2005                     -1.0715e+00  3.3725e-01 -3.1771 0.0015832 **       
                time2006                     -1.3226e+00  3.5297e-01 -3.7470 0.0002006 ***      
                time2007                     -1.2987e+00  3.6449e-01 -3.5630 0.0004031 ***      
                time2008                     -2.3218e+00  7.0397e-01 -3.2981 0.0010453 **       
                time2009                     -8.6714e-01  5.5511e-01 -1.5621 0.1189217          
                time2010                     -1.3626e+00  6.2650e-01 -2.1750 0.0301163 *        
                time2011                     -2.2800e+00  7.6969e-01 -2.9622 0.0032053 **       
                time2012                     -2.4363e+00  7.4097e-01 -3.2880 0.0010827 **       
                time2013                     -1.7279e+00  7.0336e-01 -2.4566 0.0143774 *        
                time2014                     -1.4892e+00  6.6975e-01 -2.2235 0.0266426 *        
                time2015                     -1.9724e-01  2.4353e-01 -0.8099 0.4183790          
                time2016                      1.3408e-01  2.1282e-01  0.6300 0.5289888          
                iis88                        -1.4643e+00  5.5253e-01 -2.6503 0.0083074 **       
                iis115                       -1.6315e+00  5.4020e-01 -3.0201 0.0026608 **       
                iis117                       -1.5429e+00  5.4279e-01 -2.8425 0.0046663 **       
                iis118                       -1.7809e+00  5.4301e-01 -3.2798 0.0011142 **       
                fesisDelaware.2014           -9.7180e-01  2.4797e-01 -3.9190 0.0001018 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  6.6649e-01  2.4542e-01  2.7157 0.0068501 **       
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.5126e+00  3.3215e-01 -4.5539 6.678e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013            9.1676e-01  2.4360e-01  3.7633 0.0001884 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       8.7533e-01  2.4970e-01  3.5055 0.0004983 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.1357e+00  2.6300e-01  4.3181 1.912e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -1.1136e+00  3.4615e-01 -3.2169 0.0013828 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.00035201  1  0.9850      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.86833616  1  0.1717      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.51499      
                R-squared           0.78884      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -378.88032      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:42:40 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                                    coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                           2.5001e-02  4.3906e-02  0.5694 0.5693388          
                lgdp                          1.1802e+02  2.2826e+02  0.5171 0.6053439          
                gdp_sq                        6.6984e-10  2.7789e-09  0.2410 0.8096200          
                lpop                         -5.8414e+01  3.7001e+01 -1.5787 0.1150606          
                lgdp_sq                      -6.1927e+00  1.7363e+01 -0.3567 0.7215050          
                avg_temp                     -6.1086e-01  7.4283e-01 -0.8223 0.4112924          
                lfuel                        -1.8445e+00  2.6657e+00 -0.6919 0.4893149          
                idAlaska                     -1.2917e+00  1.7407e-01 -7.4207 5.304e-13 ***      
                idArkansas                   -4.2125e-01  1.6438e-01 -2.5626 0.0106926 *        
                idDelaware                    1.7990e+00  1.9991e-01  8.9990 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia         -7.9702e-02  2.0164e-01 -0.3953 0.6928147          
                idHawaii                      1.9604e-01  1.7028e-01  1.1513 0.2501954          
                idIdaho                       3.4365e-01  1.6338e-01  2.1034 0.0359479 *        
                idIowa                        3.3045e-01  1.6330e-01  2.0236 0.0435606 *        
                idKansas                      4.0258e-02  1.6286e-01  0.2472 0.8048657          
                idKentucky                    1.6421e-01  1.6298e-01  1.0075 0.3141804          
                idMaine                       1.8270e-01  1.6288e-01  1.1217 0.2625603          
                idMississippi                 4.5951e-01  3.2358e-01  1.4201 0.1562271          
                idMontana                    -5.5408e-01  1.6503e-01 -3.3575 0.0008487 ***      
                idNebraska                   -6.6277e-01  1.9204e-01 -3.4512 0.0006073 ***      
                idNevada                      9.4008e-01  1.6776e-01  5.6039 3.531e-08 ***      
                idNewHampshire                1.1187e+00  1.7057e-01  6.5586 1.402e-10 ***      
                idNewMexico                   1.2543e+00  1.7189e-01  7.2972 1.219e-12 ***      
                idNorthDakota                -7.5281e-01  1.6733e-01 -4.4989 8.571e-06 ***      
                idOklahoma                    7.0361e-01  1.6521e-01  4.2588 2.472e-05 ***      
                idOregon                      1.7558e+00  1.8024e-01  9.7415 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland                 5.6118e-01  1.6491e-01  3.4030 0.0007220 ***      
                idSouthCarolina               1.3448e+00  2.3570e-01  5.7056 2.026e-08 ***      
                idSouthDakota                -7.8761e-01  2.3186e-01 -3.3969 0.0007379 ***      
                idUtah                        9.3983e-01  1.6794e-01  5.5961 3.683e-08 ***      
                idVermont                    -2.4636e-03  1.6286e-01 -0.0151 0.9879370          
                idWestVirginia               -7.0511e-01  1.6626e-01 -4.2409 2.669e-05 ***      
                idWyoming                    -4.1449e-01  1.6417e-01 -2.5248 0.0118972 *        
                time2001                     -5.8300e+00  9.6287e+00 -0.6055 0.5451469          
                time2002                     -5.2794e+00  8.0654e+00 -0.6546 0.5130576          
                time2003                     -5.0775e+00  6.8408e+00 -0.7422 0.4583036          
                time2004                     -4.5413e+00  3.8448e+00 -1.1811 0.2381281          
                time2005                     -3.6215e+00  2.4348e+00 -1.4874 0.1375707          
                time2006                     -2.1678e+00  1.0274e+00 -2.1101 0.0353643 *        
                time2007                     -1.2299e+00  3.8044e-01 -3.2328 0.0013098 **       
                time2008                     -7.7510e-01  4.0395e-01 -1.9188 0.0555992 .        
                time2009                     -5.4100e-01  1.2705e+00 -0.4258 0.6704455          
                time2010                     -2.0572e-01  5.6336e-01 -0.3652 0.7151458          
                time2011                      9.0931e-01  1.2942e+00  0.7026 0.4826373          
                time2012                      1.6461e+00  2.0904e+00  0.7875 0.4313795          
                time2013                      6.2750e-02  5.1717e-01  0.1213 0.9034768          
                time2014                     -4.4123e-01  4.2271e-01 -1.0438 0.2971031          
                iis88                        -1.4643e+00  5.5253e-01 -2.6503 0.0083074 **       
                iis115                       -1.6315e+00  5.4020e-01 -3.0201 0.0026608 **       
                iis117                       -1.5429e+00  5.4279e-01 -2.8425 0.0046663 **       
                iis118                       -1.7809e+00  5.4301e-01 -3.2798 0.0011142 **       
                fesisDelaware.2014           -9.7180e-01  2.4797e-01 -3.9190 0.0001018 ***      
                fesisDistrictofColumbia.2012  6.6649e-01  2.4542e-01  2.7157 0.0068501 **       
                fesisMississippi.2004        -1.5126e+00  3.3215e-01 -4.5539 6.678e-06 ***      
                fesisNebraska.2013            9.1676e-01  2.4360e-01  3.7633 0.0001884 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008       8.7533e-01  2.4970e-01  3.5055 0.0004983 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2008         1.1357e+00  2.6300e-01  4.3181 1.912e-05 ***      
                fesisSouthDakota.2018        -1.1136e+00  3.4615e-01 -3.2169 0.0013828 **       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.00035201  1  0.9850      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 1.86833616  1  0.1717      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.51499      
                R-squared           0.78884      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -378.88032      

0.001

1

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:38:15 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                    8.5054e-02  4.2350e-02   2.0084 0.0452309 *        
                gdp                   -6.2067e-05  6.4556e-06  -9.6145 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                pop                    3.8233e-03  4.8469e-04   7.8880 2.574e-14 ***      
                avg_temp              -8.8653e-02  2.3544e-02  -3.7655 0.0001894 ***      
                fuel                   1.5283e-02  3.8018e-03   4.0199 6.879e-05 ***      
                idCalifornia           2.1183e+00  1.2325e-01  17.1872 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado             3.2799e-01  7.6852e-02   4.2678 2.432e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut          9.3806e-01  1.1002e-01   8.5264 2.607e-16 ***      
                idFlorida              4.1462e-01  7.7591e-02   5.3436 1.482e-07 ***      
                idGeorgia             -2.3279e-01  7.6234e-02  -3.0537 0.0024012 **       
                idIllinois             4.2852e-01  7.8032e-02   5.4916 6.834e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             -6.5653e-01  8.1989e-02  -8.0075 1.111e-14 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.4677e+00  1.2052e-01 -12.1782 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland            -3.4105e-01  7.7590e-02  -4.3955 1.395e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts        1.0589e+00  8.9849e-02  11.7859 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan             6.2433e-01  8.0912e-02   7.7162 8.483e-14 ***      
                idMinnesota            2.2580e-01  7.6363e-02   2.9570 0.0032782 **       
                idMissouri            -8.9644e-01  8.9837e-02  -9.9784 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey            3.1130e-01  7.6891e-02   4.0486 6.113e-05 ***      
                idNewYork              1.2661e+00  9.5855e-02  13.2079 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina        3.2119e-01  7.6887e-02   4.1774 3.574e-05 ***      
                idOhio                 6.2925e-01  8.1380e-02   7.7323 7.594e-14 ***      
                idPennsylvania         6.8811e-01  8.2110e-02   8.3803 7.620e-16 ***      
                idTennessee           -8.0767e-01  8.7542e-02  -9.2261 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                8.2712e-01  8.4505e-02   9.7878 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia             6.4125e-03  7.6716e-02   0.0836 0.9334241          
                idWashington           2.2037e-01  7.6133e-02   2.8946 0.0039903 **       
                idWisconsin            9.5885e-03  7.5633e-02   0.1268 0.8991766          
                time2001               1.0478e+00  2.4722e-01   4.2385 2.757e-05 ***      
                time2002               1.0810e+00  2.3082e-01   4.6831 3.797e-06 ***      
                time2003               1.4511e+00  2.5782e-01   5.6283 3.291e-08 ***      
                time2004               1.4111e+00  2.2907e-01   6.1599 1.676e-09 ***      
                time2005               1.8794e+00  2.8606e-01   6.5698 1.462e-10 ***      
                time2006               1.8514e+00  2.9333e-01   6.3117 6.891e-10 ***      
                time2007               1.9588e+00  3.1358e-01   6.2465 1.012e-09 ***      
                time2008               9.7797e-01  3.1608e-01   3.0940 0.0021037 **       
                time2009               5.0745e-02  1.2221e-01   0.4152 0.6781928          
                time2010              -3.5215e-01  1.3503e-01  -2.6079 0.0094282 **       
                time2011              -6.7363e-01  2.0575e-01  -3.2740 0.0011463 **       
                time2012              -5.6493e-01  2.3155e-01  -2.4398 0.0151009 *        
                time2013              -8.9396e-01  1.7552e-01  -5.0932 5.284e-07 ***      
                time2014              -1.0102e+00  1.5571e-01  -6.4880 2.402e-10 ***      
                time2015              -3.2792e-01  1.2010e-01  -2.7304 0.0065864 **       
                time2016              -2.0638e-01  1.2995e-01  -1.5882 0.1129808          
                iis161                -1.0164e+00  2.5816e-01  -3.9373 9.615e-05 ***      
                iis261                -1.4779e+00  2.5113e-01  -5.8850 8.033e-09 ***      
                iis383                -1.1362e+00  2.5066e-01  -4.5330 7.554e-06 ***      
                iis421                -1.1754e+00  2.5125e-01  -4.6783 3.884e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.9004e-01  1.1477e-01  -5.1411 4.159e-07 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -9.0918e-01  1.5047e-01  -6.0422 3.302e-09 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    1.0129e+00  1.6142e-01   6.2748 8.568e-10 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.3737  1  0.5410      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.1844  1  0.1394      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.23912      
                R-squared         0.94612      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  31.19854      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:40:54 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error   t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                    8.5054e-02  4.2350e-02   2.0084 0.0452309 *        
                lgdp                  -1.8947e+02  3.7804e+02  -0.5012 0.6165016          
                gdp_sq                -1.7546e-09  4.3320e-09  -0.4050 0.6856516          
                lpop                  -9.2438e+01  3.3075e+02  -0.2795 0.7800124          
                lgdp_sq                2.1511e+01  5.1704e+01   0.4160 0.6775860          
                avg_temp              -8.8213e-01  2.2183e+00  -0.3977 0.6910730          
                lfuel                  8.9803e-01  4.1134e-01   2.1832 0.0295612 *        
                idCalifornia           2.1183e+00  1.2325e-01  17.1872 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idColorado             3.2799e-01  7.6852e-02   4.2678 2.432e-05 ***      
                idConnecticut          9.3806e-01  1.1002e-01   8.5264 2.607e-16 ***      
                idFlorida              4.1462e-01  7.7591e-02   5.3436 1.482e-07 ***      
                idGeorgia             -2.3279e-01  7.6234e-02  -3.0537 0.0024012 **       
                idIllinois             4.2852e-01  7.8032e-02   5.4916 6.834e-08 ***      
                idIndiana             -6.5653e-01  8.1989e-02  -8.0075 1.111e-14 ***      
                idLouisiana           -1.4677e+00  1.2052e-01 -12.1782 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMaryland            -3.4105e-01  7.7590e-02  -4.3955 1.395e-05 ***      
                idMassachusetts        1.0589e+00  8.9849e-02  11.7859 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idMichigan             6.2433e-01  8.0912e-02   7.7162 8.483e-14 ***      
                idMinnesota            2.2580e-01  7.6363e-02   2.9570 0.0032782 **       
                idMissouri            -8.9644e-01  8.9837e-02  -9.9784 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNewJersey            3.1130e-01  7.6891e-02   4.0486 6.113e-05 ***      
                idNewYork              1.2661e+00  9.5855e-02  13.2079 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idNorthCarolina        3.2119e-01  7.6887e-02   4.1774 3.574e-05 ***      
                idOhio                 6.2925e-01  8.1380e-02   7.7323 7.594e-14 ***      
                idPennsylvania         6.8811e-01  8.2110e-02   8.3803 7.620e-16 ***      
                idTennessee           -8.0767e-01  8.7542e-02  -9.2261 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idTexas                8.2712e-01  8.4505e-02   9.7878 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idVirginia             6.4125e-03  7.6716e-02   0.0836 0.9334241          
                idWashington           2.2037e-01  7.6133e-02   2.8946 0.0039903 **       
                idWisconsin            9.5885e-03  7.5633e-02   0.1268 0.8991766          
                time2001               1.2379e+01  1.9450e+01   0.6365 0.5248094          
                time2002               8.4637e+00  1.0229e+01   0.8274 0.4084511          
                time2003               1.4184e+00  7.9174e+00   0.1792 0.8579027          
                time2004              -3.8020e+00  2.0364e+01  -0.1867 0.8519827          
                time2005              -8.8527e+00  3.3263e+01  -0.2661 0.7902557          
                time2006              -1.0184e+01  3.5615e+01  -0.2860 0.7750494          
                time2007              -1.0120e+01  3.5006e+01  -0.2891 0.7726566          
                time2008              -8.9418e+00  2.9408e+01  -0.3041 0.7612315          
                time2009               1.2203e+00  3.5335e-01   3.4534 0.0006086 ***      
                time2010               7.2159e-02  1.8346e+00   0.0393 0.9686439          
                time2011              -1.6550e+00  5.6477e+00  -0.2930 0.7696268          
                time2012              -8.3316e-01  3.1871e+00  -0.2614 0.7938992          
                time2013              -1.9058e+00  5.0273e+00  -0.3791 0.7048142          
                time2014              -1.8825e-01  5.9856e-01  -0.3145 0.7532852          
                iis161                -1.0164e+00  2.5816e-01  -3.9373 9.615e-05 ***      
                iis261                -1.4779e+00  2.5113e-01  -5.8850 8.033e-09 ***      
                iis383                -1.1362e+00  2.5066e-01  -4.5330 7.554e-06 ***      
                iis421                -1.1754e+00  2.5125e-01  -4.6783 3.884e-06 ***      
                fesisConnecticut.2009 -5.9004e-01  1.1477e-01  -5.1411 4.159e-07 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2011   -9.0918e-01  1.5047e-01  -6.0422 3.302e-09 ***      
                fesisLouisiana.2015    1.0129e+00  1.6142e-01   6.2748 8.568e-10 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value      
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.3737  1  0.5410      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.1844  1  0.1394      
                                               
                SE of regression  0.23912      
                R-squared         0.94612      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  31.19854      
2

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:39:31 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                    1.1179e-01  4.4521e-02  2.5109 0.0123627 *        
                gdp                   -8.6400e-05  3.8885e-05 -2.2219 0.0267438 *        
                pop                   -9.5105e-04  1.5074e-03 -0.6309 0.5283746          
                avg_temp               3.2580e-01  9.8005e-02  3.3243 0.0009527 ***      
                fuel                   3.8670e-02  1.2001e-02  3.2223 0.0013562 **       
                idAlaska              -1.1702e+00  1.8630e-01 -6.2814 7.399e-10 ***      
                idArkansas            -3.7703e-01  1.7702e-01 -2.1298 0.0336815 *        
                idDelaware             1.6624e+00  2.1410e-01  7.7646 4.806e-14 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia   1.3898e-01  1.7561e-01  0.7914 0.4290893          
                idHawaii              -3.9080e-02  1.7568e-01 -0.2224 0.8240586          
                idIdaho                3.1786e-01  1.7606e-01  1.8054 0.0716176 .        
                idIowa                 3.0668e-01  1.7598e-01  1.7427 0.0820169 .        
                idKansas               4.3342e-02  1.7557e-01  0.2469 0.8051148          
                idKentucky             1.5154e-01  1.7568e-01  0.8626 0.3887975          
                idMaine                1.7686e-01  1.7559e-01  1.0072 0.3143110          
                idMississippi          5.1538e-01  3.4860e-01  1.4784 0.1399378          
                idMontana             -5.0133e-01  1.7764e-01 -2.8222 0.0049624 **       
                idNebraska            -2.6203e-01  1.7643e-01 -1.4852 0.1381304          
                idNevada               8.6052e-01  1.8024e-01  4.7742 2.385e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire         1.0184e+00  1.8294e-01  5.5672 4.266e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico            1.1456e+00  1.8421e-01  6.2191 1.071e-09 ***      
                idNorthDakota         -6.7681e-01  1.7984e-01 -3.7635 0.0001878 ***      
                idOklahoma             6.4861e-01  1.7781e-01  3.6477 0.0002929 ***      
                idOregon               1.6031e+00  1.9223e-01  8.3396 7.575e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland          5.0993e-01  1.7752e-01  2.8725 0.0042482 **       
                idSouthCarolina        1.7487e+00  1.9492e-01  8.9716 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota         -1.9130e-01  1.7604e-01 -1.0867 0.2776919          
                idUtah                 8.5873e-01  1.8042e-01  4.7595 2.557e-06 ***      
                idVermont             -2.6590e-04  1.7557e-01 -0.0015 0.9987922          
                idWestVirginia        -6.3891e-01  1.7882e-01 -3.5730 0.0003877 ***      
                idWyoming             -3.7351e-01  1.7682e-01 -2.1124 0.0351563 *        
                time2001              -2.7091e+00  1.0556e+00 -2.5664 0.0105729 *        
                time2002              -2.5250e+00  9.8908e-01 -2.5529 0.0109854 *        
                time2003              -1.7965e+00  7.9123e-01 -2.2705 0.0236080 *        
                time2004              -1.5275e+00  5.2509e-01 -2.9091 0.0037890 **       
                time2005              -1.0530e+00  3.5752e-01 -2.9454 0.0033788 **       
                time2006              -1.2775e+00  3.7429e-01 -3.4131 0.0006953 ***      
                time2007              -1.2228e+00  3.8689e-01 -3.1607 0.0016709 **       
                time2008              -2.0083e+00  7.4934e-01 -2.6801 0.0076070 **       
                time2009              -6.5250e-01  5.9164e-01 -1.1029 0.2706267          
                time2010              -1.0976e+00  6.6787e-01 -1.6434 0.1009434          
                time2011              -1.9022e+00  8.2001e-01 -2.3198 0.0207635 *        
                time2012              -2.0536e+00  7.8926e-01 -2.6019 0.0095497 **       
                time2013              -1.3387e+00  7.4891e-01 -1.7875 0.0744761 .        
                time2014              -1.1203e+00  7.1336e-01 -1.5704 0.1169550          
                time2015              -1.4884e-01  2.5843e-01 -0.5759 0.5649332          
                time2016               1.6781e-01  2.2586e-01  0.7430 0.4578524          
                fesisDelaware.2014    -9.6675e-01  2.6704e-01 -3.6202 0.0003249 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004 -1.4814e+00  3.5795e-01 -4.1387 4.110e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    0.0026855  1 0.958671         
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 10.3811254  1 0.001273 **      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.55517      
                R-squared           0.75002      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -423.95109      

                Formula: ihs_patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:42:45 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                             coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                    1.1179e-01  4.4521e-02  2.5109 0.0123627 *        
                lgdp                   1.5331e+02  2.4187e+02  0.6339 0.5264716          
                gdp_sq                 1.1141e-09  2.9434e-09  0.3785 0.7052120          
                lpop                  -6.2779e+01  3.9367e+01 -1.5947 0.1114174          
                lgdp_sq               -8.9275e+00  1.8393e+01 -0.4854 0.6276346          
                avg_temp              -6.4542e-01  7.8851e-01 -0.8185 0.4134522          
                lfuel                 -2.2981e+00  2.8352e+00 -0.8106 0.4180028          
                idAlaska              -1.1702e+00  1.8630e-01 -6.2814 7.399e-10 ***      
                idArkansas            -3.7703e-01  1.7702e-01 -2.1298 0.0336815 *        
                idDelaware             1.6624e+00  2.1410e-01  7.7646 4.806e-14 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia   1.3898e-01  1.7561e-01  0.7914 0.4290893          
                idHawaii              -3.9080e-02  1.7568e-01 -0.2224 0.8240586          
                idIdaho                3.1786e-01  1.7606e-01  1.8054 0.0716176 .        
                idIowa                 3.0668e-01  1.7598e-01  1.7427 0.0820169 .        
                idKansas               4.3342e-02  1.7557e-01  0.2469 0.8051148          
                idKentucky             1.5154e-01  1.7568e-01  0.8626 0.3887975          
                idMaine                1.7686e-01  1.7559e-01  1.0072 0.3143110          
                idMississippi          5.1538e-01  3.4860e-01  1.4784 0.1399378          
                idMontana             -5.0133e-01  1.7764e-01 -2.8222 0.0049624 **       
                idNebraska            -2.6203e-01  1.7643e-01 -1.4852 0.1381304          
                idNevada               8.6052e-01  1.8024e-01  4.7742 2.385e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire         1.0184e+00  1.8294e-01  5.5672 4.266e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico            1.1456e+00  1.8421e-01  6.2191 1.071e-09 ***      
                idNorthDakota         -6.7681e-01  1.7984e-01 -3.7635 0.0001878 ***      
                idOklahoma             6.4861e-01  1.7781e-01  3.6477 0.0002929 ***      
                idOregon               1.6031e+00  1.9223e-01  8.3396 7.575e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland          5.0993e-01  1.7752e-01  2.8725 0.0042482 **       
                idSouthCarolina        1.7487e+00  1.9492e-01  8.9716 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idSouthDakota         -1.9130e-01  1.7604e-01 -1.0867 0.2776919          
                idUtah                 8.5873e-01  1.8042e-01  4.7595 2.557e-06 ***      
                idVermont             -2.6590e-04  1.7557e-01 -0.0015 0.9987922          
                idWestVirginia        -6.3891e-01  1.7882e-01 -3.5730 0.0003877 ***      
                idWyoming             -3.7351e-01  1.7682e-01 -2.1124 0.0351563 *        
                time2001              -7.3274e+00  1.0202e+01 -0.7182 0.4729644          
                time2002              -6.5704e+00  8.5471e+00 -0.7687 0.4424240          
                time2003              -6.0953e+00  7.2504e+00 -0.8407 0.4009335          
                time2004              -5.0908e+00  4.0794e+00 -1.2479 0.2126480          
                time2005              -3.8890e+00  2.5857e+00 -1.5041 0.1332072          
                time2006              -2.2951e+00  1.0917e+00 -2.1024 0.0360254 *        
                time2007              -1.2751e+00  4.0461e-01 -3.1515 0.0017237 **       
                time2008              -6.6377e-01  4.2841e-01 -1.5494 0.1219306          
                time2009              -6.1173e-01  1.3448e+00 -0.4549 0.6493920          
                time2010              -1.2851e-01  5.9653e-01 -0.2154 0.8295201          
                time2011               1.1586e+00  1.3777e+00  0.8409 0.4007940          
                time2012               1.9619e+00  2.2225e+00  0.8827 0.3778068          
                time2013               3.3972e-01  5.5187e-01  0.6156 0.5384483          
                time2014              -1.9533e-01  4.4853e-01 -0.4355 0.6634040          
                fesisDelaware.2014    -9.6675e-01  2.6704e-01 -3.6202 0.0003249 ***      
                fesisMississippi.2004 -1.4814e+00  3.5795e-01 -4.1387 4.110e-05 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                      Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)    0.0026855  1 0.958671         
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 10.3811254  1 0.001273 **      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                 
                SE of regression    0.55517      
                R-squared           0.75002      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -423.95109      

Patent Count

0.01

1

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:32:37 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                       coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1              4.9279e-01  4.3331e-02 11.3726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                gdp             -1.0305e-03  2.1021e-04 -4.9026 1.359e-06 ***      
                pop              5.8903e-02  1.5748e-02  3.7404 0.0002095 ***      
                avg_temp        -1.5832e+00  7.6842e-01 -2.0603 0.0399929 *        
                fuel             1.5003e-01  1.2395e-01  1.2104 0.2268285          
                idCalifornia    -3.6738e+01  1.0537e+01 -3.4865 0.0005414 ***      
                idColorado       4.8889e+00  2.4489e+00  1.9963 0.0465483 *        
                idConnecticut    8.4909e+00  2.5355e+00  3.3488 0.0008857 ***      
                idFlorida        5.6786e+00  2.4597e+00  2.3087 0.0214499 *        
                idGeorgia       -2.4297e+00  2.4232e+00 -1.0027 0.3166120          
                idIllinois       5.2887e+00  2.4611e+00  2.1489 0.0322163 *        
                idIndiana       -5.5053e+00  2.4659e+00 -2.2326 0.0261091 *        
                idLouisiana     -8.7304e+00  2.5344e+00 -3.4448 0.0006296 ***      
                idMaryland      -3.5591e+00  2.4383e+00 -1.4596 0.1451445          
                idMassachusetts  1.9054e+01  3.0766e+00  6.1932 1.417e-09 ***      
                idMichigan       1.0498e+01  2.5792e+00  4.0704 5.618e-05 ***      
                idMinnesota      2.4759e+00  2.4258e+00  1.0206 0.3080186          
                idMissouri      -6.7421e+00  2.4898e+00 -2.7078 0.0070514 **       
                idNewJersey      3.7617e+00  2.4384e+00  1.5427 0.1236756          
                idNewYork        2.8210e+01  3.4795e+00  8.1075 5.838e-15 ***      
                idNorthCarolina  3.8611e+00  2.4377e+00  1.5839 0.1139757          
                idOhio           9.3794e+00  2.5624e+00  3.6604 0.0002842 ***      
                idPennsylvania   1.1923e+01  2.6287e+00  4.5356 7.525e-06 ***      
                idTennessee     -6.0484e+00  2.4765e+00 -2.4423 0.0150088 *        
                idTexas          1.4824e+01  2.7373e+00  5.4155 1.035e-07 ***      
                idVirginia      -2.2821e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0944 0.9248104          
                idWashington     2.6074e+00  2.4251e+00  1.0752 0.2829127          
                idWisconsin     -1.0448e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0432 0.9655374          
                time2001         7.8916e+00  8.0526e+00  0.9800 0.3276544          
                time2002         9.6946e+00  7.5371e+00  1.2863 0.1990695          
                time2003         1.6658e+01  8.3938e+00  1.9846 0.0478453 *        
                time2004         1.8031e+01  7.4657e+00  2.4152 0.0161584 *        
                time2005         2.5513e+01  9.3066e+00  2.7414 0.0063817 **       
                time2006         2.8571e+01  9.5207e+00  3.0009 0.0028539 **       
                time2007         3.1590e+01  1.0170e+01  3.1064 0.0020238 **       
                time2008         1.6848e+01  1.0242e+01  1.6450 0.1007270          
                time2009         5.2369e-01  3.9309e+00  0.1332 0.8940809          
                time2010        -4.9011e+00  4.3194e+00 -1.1347 0.2571718          
                time2011        -1.0085e+01  6.6182e+00 -1.5238 0.1283068          
                time2012        -8.5105e+00  7.4749e+00 -1.1385 0.2555495          
                time2013        -1.2637e+01  5.6500e+00 -2.2367 0.0258358 *        
                time2014        -1.9721e+01  5.0277e+00 -3.9224 0.0001025 ***      
                time2015        -8.0224e+00  3.9232e+00 -2.0449 0.0414975 *        
                time2016        -9.0377e+00  4.2469e+00 -2.1281 0.0339175 *        
                iis21            9.0646e+01  1.1888e+01  7.6252 1.670e-13 ***      
                iis22            7.0845e+01  1.1527e+01  6.1459 1.864e-09 ***      
                iis23            7.6079e+01  1.1624e+01  6.5452 1.751e-10 ***      
                iis24            1.0307e+02  1.1602e+01  8.8833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25            1.1456e+02  1.1290e+01 10.1468 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26            1.8977e+02  1.1112e+01 17.0772 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27            1.7426e+02  1.1322e+01 15.3912 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28            2.0837e+02  1.1652e+01 17.8831 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29            2.1438e+02  1.2424e+01 17.2548 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30            1.6650e+02  1.3084e+01 12.7255 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31            1.7408e+02  1.2379e+01 14.0629 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32            1.6708e+02  1.2215e+01 13.6787 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33            1.6596e+02  1.2014e+01 13.8137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34            1.1678e+02  1.1903e+01  9.8108 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35            1.4042e+02  1.1252e+01 12.4794 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36            1.4473e+02  1.1234e+01 12.8834 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37            1.1510e+02  1.1260e+01 10.2214 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38            1.3020e+02  1.1085e+01 11.7460 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39            1.0500e+02  1.1090e+01  9.4685 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis208           4.4583e+01  8.0164e+00  5.5614 4.794e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   7.2097  1 0.007251 **      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.8416  1 0.027781 *       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.64106      
                R-squared            0.97631      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  -1625.18814      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:35:30 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                       coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1              4.9279e-01  4.3331e-02 11.3726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp            -2.0028e+04  1.2354e+04 -1.6211 0.1057528          
                gdp_sq          -2.2545e-07  1.4157e-07 -1.5925 0.1120305          
                lpop            -1.6778e+04  1.0809e+04 -1.5522 0.1213732          
                lgdp_sq          2.6946e+03  1.6897e+03  1.5947 0.1115382          
                avg_temp        -1.1510e+02  7.2492e+01 -1.5877 0.1131099          
                lfuel            3.5462e+01  1.3440e+01  2.6386 0.0086374 **       
                idCalifornia    -3.6738e+01  1.0537e+01 -3.4865 0.0005414 ***      
                idColorado       4.8889e+00  2.4489e+00  1.9963 0.0465483 *        
                idConnecticut    8.4909e+00  2.5355e+00  3.3488 0.0008857 ***      
                idFlorida        5.6786e+00  2.4597e+00  2.3087 0.0214499 *        
                idGeorgia       -2.4297e+00  2.4232e+00 -1.0027 0.3166120          
                idIllinois       5.2887e+00  2.4611e+00  2.1489 0.0322163 *        
                idIndiana       -5.5053e+00  2.4659e+00 -2.2326 0.0261091 *        
                idLouisiana     -8.7304e+00  2.5344e+00 -3.4448 0.0006296 ***      
                idMaryland      -3.5591e+00  2.4383e+00 -1.4596 0.1451445          
                idMassachusetts  1.9054e+01  3.0766e+00  6.1932 1.417e-09 ***      
                idMichigan       1.0498e+01  2.5792e+00  4.0704 5.618e-05 ***      
                idMinnesota      2.4759e+00  2.4258e+00  1.0206 0.3080186          
                idMissouri      -6.7421e+00  2.4898e+00 -2.7078 0.0070514 **       
                idNewJersey      3.7617e+00  2.4384e+00  1.5427 0.1236756          
                idNewYork        2.8210e+01  3.4795e+00  8.1075 5.838e-15 ***      
                idNorthCarolina  3.8611e+00  2.4377e+00  1.5839 0.1139757          
                idOhio           9.3794e+00  2.5624e+00  3.6604 0.0002842 ***      
                idPennsylvania   1.1923e+01  2.6287e+00  4.5356 7.525e-06 ***      
                idTennessee     -6.0484e+00  2.4765e+00 -2.4423 0.0150088 *        
                idTexas          1.4824e+01  2.7373e+00  5.4155 1.035e-07 ***      
                idVirginia      -2.2821e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0944 0.9248104          
                idWashington     2.6074e+00  2.4251e+00  1.0752 0.2829127          
                idWisconsin     -1.0448e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0432 0.9655374          
                time2001         1.0547e+03  6.3564e+02  1.6593 0.0978081 .        
                time2002         5.7367e+02  3.3429e+02  1.7161 0.0868954 .        
                time2003        -3.6338e+02  2.5872e+02 -1.4045 0.1609182          
                time2004        -1.0137e+03  6.6549e+02 -1.5232 0.1284566          
                time2005        -1.6853e+03  1.0870e+03 -1.5503 0.1218213          
                time2006        -1.8094e+03  1.1639e+03 -1.5546 0.1207934          
                time2007        -1.7789e+03  1.1440e+03 -1.5550 0.1207023          
                time2008        -1.5027e+03  9.6108e+02 -1.5636 0.1186806          
                time2009         1.9299e+01  1.1512e+01  1.6764 0.0944153 .        
                time2010        -8.7140e+01  5.9971e+01 -1.4530 0.1469666          
                time2011        -2.9307e+02  1.8459e+02 -1.5877 0.1131191          
                time2012        -1.6766e+02  1.0418e+02 -1.6094 0.1082851          
                time2013        -2.6531e+02  1.6431e+02 -1.6147 0.1071395          
                time2014         1.4550e+01  1.9531e+01  0.7450 0.4567066          
                iis21            9.0646e+01  1.1888e+01  7.6252 1.670e-13 ***      
                iis22            7.0845e+01  1.1527e+01  6.1459 1.864e-09 ***      
                iis23            7.6079e+01  1.1624e+01  6.5452 1.751e-10 ***      
                iis24            1.0307e+02  1.1602e+01  8.8833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25            1.1456e+02  1.1290e+01 10.1468 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26            1.8977e+02  1.1112e+01 17.0772 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27            1.7426e+02  1.1322e+01 15.3912 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28            2.0837e+02  1.1652e+01 17.8831 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29            2.1438e+02  1.2424e+01 17.2548 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30            1.6650e+02  1.3084e+01 12.7255 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31            1.7408e+02  1.2379e+01 14.0629 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32            1.6708e+02  1.2215e+01 13.6787 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33            1.6596e+02  1.2014e+01 13.8137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34            1.1678e+02  1.1903e+01  9.8108 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35            1.4042e+02  1.1252e+01 12.4794 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36            1.4473e+02  1.1234e+01 12.8834 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37            1.1510e+02  1.1260e+01 10.2214 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38            1.3020e+02  1.1085e+01 11.7460 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39            1.0500e+02  1.1090e+01  9.4685 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis208           4.4583e+01  8.0164e+00  5.5614 4.794e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   7.2097  1 0.007251 **      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.8416  1 0.027781 *       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.64106      
                R-squared            0.97631      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  -1625.18814      
2

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:34:19 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      1.6131e-01  3.5311e-02  4.5683 6.270e-06 ***      
                gdp                     -2.9301e-04  1.5204e-04 -1.9272 0.0545475 .        
                pop                     -1.1999e-03  5.9096e-03 -0.2030 0.8391914          
                avg_temp                 9.2041e-01  3.8619e-01  2.3833 0.0175491 *        
                fuel                     1.2589e-01  4.7150e-02  2.6700 0.0078440 **       
                idAlaska                -2.3969e+00  6.8876e-01 -3.4800 0.0005475 ***      
                idArkansas              -8.1346e-01  6.8181e-01 -1.1931 0.2334274          
                idDelaware               9.5412e+00  1.0221e+00  9.3351 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     4.0424e-01  6.8087e-01  0.5937 0.5529898          
                idHawaii                -2.4305e-01  6.8089e-01 -0.3570 0.7212862          
                idIdaho                  8.0986e-01  6.8144e-01  1.1884 0.2352492          
                idIowa                   6.6847e-01  6.8117e-01  0.9814 0.3269170          
                idKansas                -2.2668e-01  6.8087e-01 -0.3329 0.7393400          
                idKentucky               2.5179e-01  6.8080e-01  0.3698 0.7116624          
                idMaine                  3.0658e-01  6.8076e-01  0.4504 0.6526582          
                idMississippi           -1.7986e+00  6.8553e-01 -2.6236 0.0089794 **       
                idMontana               -1.3812e+00  6.8341e-01 -2.0211 0.0438254 *        
                idNebraska              -7.9134e-01  6.8179e-01 -1.1607 0.2463530          
                idNevada                 3.3057e+00  6.9513e-01  4.7555 2.626e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire           4.4116e+00  7.0936e-01  6.2192 1.093e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico              4.6413e+00  7.3896e-01  6.2809 7.588e-10 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -1.7293e+00  6.8519e-01 -2.5238 0.0119318 *        
                idOklahoma               2.0709e+00  6.8566e-01  3.0204 0.0026601 **       
                idOregon                 1.0741e+01  8.4168e-01 12.7610 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            1.5273e+00  6.8403e-01  2.2329 0.0260220 *        
                idSouthCarolina          5.5199e+00  9.7794e-01  5.6444 2.848e-08 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -9.2898e-02  6.8077e-01 -0.1365 0.8915151          
                idUtah                   4.0297e+00  7.0162e-01  5.7435 1.654e-08 ***      
                idVermont               -5.4992e-02  6.8074e-01 -0.0808 0.9356491          
                idWestVirginia          -1.5694e+00  6.8415e-01 -2.2940 0.0222252 *        
                idWyoming               -1.2257e+00  6.8283e-01 -1.7951 0.0732740 .        
                time2001                -8.6137e+00  4.1363e+00 -2.0824 0.0378344 *        
                time2002                -7.6288e+00  3.8801e+00 -1.9661 0.0498647 *        
                time2003                -5.6109e+00  3.1015e+00 -1.8091 0.0710672 .        
                time2004                -4.5675e+00  2.0671e+00 -2.2096 0.0276101 *        
                time2005                -3.1073e+00  1.4031e+00 -2.2147 0.0272554 *        
                time2006                -3.9143e+00  1.4729e+00 -2.6575 0.0081363 **       
                time2007                -3.4199e+00  1.5197e+00 -2.2504 0.0248800 *        
                time2008                -6.0174e+00  2.9439e+00 -2.0440 0.0415008 *        
                time2009                -1.8301e+00  2.3224e+00 -0.7880 0.4310681          
                time2010                -3.3166e+00  2.6242e+00 -1.2639 0.2068892          
                time2011                -5.5406e+00  3.2214e+00 -1.7199 0.0860947 .        
                time2012                -6.2987e+00  3.1000e+00 -2.0318 0.0427266 *        
                time2013                -4.3890e+00  2.9460e+00 -1.4898 0.1369394          
                time2014                -4.4772e+00  2.8044e+00 -1.5965 0.1110433          
                time2015                -8.1974e-01  1.0187e+00 -0.8047 0.4213906          
                time2016                 5.2159e-01  8.8910e-01  0.5867 0.5577141          
                iis68                    6.9444e+00  2.5358e+00  2.7386 0.0064019 **       
                iis70                    8.0471e+00  2.5362e+00  3.1729 0.0016064 **       
                iis71                   -1.2787e+01  2.5634e+00 -4.9883 8.548e-07 ***      
                iis326                   9.2133e+00  2.2541e+00  4.0873 5.121e-05 ***      
                iis335                   8.8701e+00  2.2541e+00  3.9351 9.554e-05 ***      
                iis382                   1.6641e+01  2.2647e+00  7.3479 8.798e-13 ***      
                iis384                  -7.9423e+00  2.2731e+00 -3.4940 0.0005202 ***      
                iis389                  -6.3043e+00  2.2660e+00 -2.7821 0.0056151 **       
                iis429                   1.5368e+01  2.3408e+00  6.5651 1.360e-10 ***      
                iis432                   1.3143e+01  2.3274e+00  5.6470 2.808e-08 ***      
                iis437                   1.8367e+01  2.3345e+00  7.8675 2.444e-14 ***      
                iis438                   1.5705e+01  2.3763e+00  6.6091 1.036e-10 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2008       5.9634e+00  1.5269e+00  3.9056 0.0001076 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -1.2861e+01  1.5507e+00 -8.2935 1.132e-15 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.2955e+01  1.3513e+00  9.5873 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2020 -1.7545e+01  2.3356e+00 -7.5123 2.888e-13 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.0042308  1 0.94814        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.9874120  1 0.08391 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.15265      
                R-squared            0.90033      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -1148.74495      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.01; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:37:01 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      1.6131e-01  3.5311e-02  4.5683 6.270e-06 ***      
                lgdp                     3.4629e+02  9.5391e+02  0.3630 0.7167482          
                gdp_sq                   1.4998e-09  1.1613e-08  0.1291 0.8972952          
                lpop                    -2.0911e+02  1.5462e+02 -1.3524 0.1768855          
                lgdp_sq                 -1.5572e+01  7.2569e+01 -0.2146 0.8301807          
                avg_temp                -2.3784e+00  3.1026e+00 -0.7666 0.4437072          
                lfuel                   -8.4058e+00  1.1136e+01 -0.7548 0.4507409          
                idAlaska                -2.3969e+00  6.8876e-01 -3.4800 0.0005475 ***      
                idArkansas              -8.1346e-01  6.8181e-01 -1.1931 0.2334274          
                idDelaware               9.5412e+00  1.0221e+00  9.3351 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     4.0424e-01  6.8087e-01  0.5937 0.5529898          
                idHawaii                -2.4305e-01  6.8089e-01 -0.3570 0.7212862          
                idIdaho                  8.0986e-01  6.8144e-01  1.1884 0.2352492          
                idIowa                   6.6847e-01  6.8117e-01  0.9814 0.3269170          
                idKansas                -2.2668e-01  6.8087e-01 -0.3329 0.7393400          
                idKentucky               2.5179e-01  6.8080e-01  0.3698 0.7116624          
                idMaine                  3.0658e-01  6.8076e-01  0.4504 0.6526582          
                idMississippi           -1.7986e+00  6.8553e-01 -2.6236 0.0089794 **       
                idMontana               -1.3812e+00  6.8341e-01 -2.0211 0.0438254 *        
                idNebraska              -7.9134e-01  6.8179e-01 -1.1607 0.2463530          
                idNevada                 3.3057e+00  6.9513e-01  4.7555 2.626e-06 ***      
                idNewHampshire           4.4116e+00  7.0936e-01  6.2192 1.093e-09 ***      
                idNewMexico              4.6413e+00  7.3896e-01  6.2809 7.588e-10 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -1.7293e+00  6.8519e-01 -2.5238 0.0119318 *        
                idOklahoma               2.0709e+00  6.8566e-01  3.0204 0.0026601 **       
                idOregon                 1.0741e+01  8.4168e-01 12.7610 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            1.5273e+00  6.8403e-01  2.2329 0.0260220 *        
                idSouthCarolina          5.5199e+00  9.7794e-01  5.6444 2.848e-08 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -9.2898e-02  6.8077e-01 -0.1365 0.8915151          
                idUtah                   4.0297e+00  7.0162e-01  5.7435 1.654e-08 ***      
                idVermont               -5.4992e-02  6.8074e-01 -0.0808 0.9356491          
                idWestVirginia          -1.5694e+00  6.8415e-01 -2.2940 0.0222252 *        
                idWyoming               -1.2257e+00  6.8283e-01 -1.7951 0.0732740 .        
                time2001                -1.6099e+01  4.0253e+01 -0.4000 0.6893707          
                time2002                -1.4584e+01  3.3719e+01 -0.4325 0.6655660          
                time2003                -1.5001e+01  2.8596e+01 -0.5246 0.6001177          
                time2004                -1.4511e+01  1.6071e+01 -0.9029 0.3670082          
                time2005                -1.1877e+01  1.0175e+01 -1.1672 0.2437089          
                time2006                -6.7921e+00  4.2971e+00 -1.5806 0.1146230          
                time2007                -3.1453e+00  1.5939e+00 -1.9733 0.0490327 *        
                time2008                -6.4829e-01  1.6888e+00 -0.3839 0.7012446          
                time2009                 3.4168e-02  5.3170e+00  0.0064 0.9948753          
                time2010                 1.1350e+00  2.3584e+00  0.4812 0.6305692          
                time2011                 5.6704e+00  5.4055e+00  1.0490 0.2947083          
                time2012                 7.9863e+00  8.7303e+00  0.9148 0.3607695          
                time2013                 1.7686e+00  2.1622e+00  0.8180 0.4137941          
                time2014                -7.3252e-01  1.7679e+00 -0.4143 0.6788126          
                iis68                    6.9444e+00  2.5358e+00  2.7386 0.0064019 **       
                iis70                    8.0471e+00  2.5362e+00  3.1729 0.0016064 **       
                iis71                   -1.2787e+01  2.5634e+00 -4.9883 8.548e-07 ***      
                iis326                   9.2133e+00  2.2541e+00  4.0873 5.121e-05 ***      
                iis335                   8.8701e+00  2.2541e+00  3.9351 9.554e-05 ***      
                iis382                   1.6641e+01  2.2647e+00  7.3479 8.798e-13 ***      
                iis384                  -7.9423e+00  2.2731e+00 -3.4940 0.0005202 ***      
                iis389                  -6.3043e+00  2.2660e+00 -2.7821 0.0056151 **       
                iis429                   1.5368e+01  2.3408e+00  6.5651 1.360e-10 ***      
                iis432                   1.3143e+01  2.3274e+00  5.6470 2.808e-08 ***      
                iis437                   1.8367e+01  2.3345e+00  7.8675 2.444e-14 ***      
                iis438                   1.5705e+01  2.3763e+00  6.6091 1.036e-10 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2008       5.9634e+00  1.5269e+00  3.9056 0.0001076 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -1.2861e+01  1.5507e+00 -8.2935 1.132e-15 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.2955e+01  1.3513e+00  9.5873 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2020 -1.7545e+01  2.3356e+00 -7.5123 2.888e-13 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                     Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   0.0042308  1 0.94814        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 2.9874120  1 0.08391 .      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.15265      
                R-squared            0.90033      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -1148.74495      

0.001

1

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:32:37 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                       coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1              4.9279e-01  4.3331e-02 11.3726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                gdp             -1.0305e-03  2.1021e-04 -4.9026 1.359e-06 ***      
                pop              5.8903e-02  1.5748e-02  3.7404 0.0002095 ***      
                avg_temp        -1.5832e+00  7.6842e-01 -2.0603 0.0399929 *        
                fuel             1.5003e-01  1.2395e-01  1.2104 0.2268285          
                idCalifornia    -3.6738e+01  1.0537e+01 -3.4865 0.0005414 ***      
                idColorado       4.8889e+00  2.4489e+00  1.9963 0.0465483 *        
                idConnecticut    8.4909e+00  2.5355e+00  3.3488 0.0008857 ***      
                idFlorida        5.6786e+00  2.4597e+00  2.3087 0.0214499 *        
                idGeorgia       -2.4297e+00  2.4232e+00 -1.0027 0.3166120          
                idIllinois       5.2887e+00  2.4611e+00  2.1489 0.0322163 *        
                idIndiana       -5.5053e+00  2.4659e+00 -2.2326 0.0261091 *        
                idLouisiana     -8.7304e+00  2.5344e+00 -3.4448 0.0006296 ***      
                idMaryland      -3.5591e+00  2.4383e+00 -1.4596 0.1451445          
                idMassachusetts  1.9054e+01  3.0766e+00  6.1932 1.417e-09 ***      
                idMichigan       1.0498e+01  2.5792e+00  4.0704 5.618e-05 ***      
                idMinnesota      2.4759e+00  2.4258e+00  1.0206 0.3080186          
                idMissouri      -6.7421e+00  2.4898e+00 -2.7078 0.0070514 **       
                idNewJersey      3.7617e+00  2.4384e+00  1.5427 0.1236756          
                idNewYork        2.8210e+01  3.4795e+00  8.1075 5.838e-15 ***      
                idNorthCarolina  3.8611e+00  2.4377e+00  1.5839 0.1139757          
                idOhio           9.3794e+00  2.5624e+00  3.6604 0.0002842 ***      
                idPennsylvania   1.1923e+01  2.6287e+00  4.5356 7.525e-06 ***      
                idTennessee     -6.0484e+00  2.4765e+00 -2.4423 0.0150088 *        
                idTexas          1.4824e+01  2.7373e+00  5.4155 1.035e-07 ***      
                idVirginia      -2.2821e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0944 0.9248104          
                idWashington     2.6074e+00  2.4251e+00  1.0752 0.2829127          
                idWisconsin     -1.0448e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0432 0.9655374          
                time2001         7.8916e+00  8.0526e+00  0.9800 0.3276544          
                time2002         9.6946e+00  7.5371e+00  1.2863 0.1990695          
                time2003         1.6658e+01  8.3938e+00  1.9846 0.0478453 *        
                time2004         1.8031e+01  7.4657e+00  2.4152 0.0161584 *        
                time2005         2.5513e+01  9.3066e+00  2.7414 0.0063817 **       
                time2006         2.8571e+01  9.5207e+00  3.0009 0.0028539 **       
                time2007         3.1590e+01  1.0170e+01  3.1064 0.0020238 **       
                time2008         1.6848e+01  1.0242e+01  1.6450 0.1007270          
                time2009         5.2369e-01  3.9309e+00  0.1332 0.8940809          
                time2010        -4.9011e+00  4.3194e+00 -1.1347 0.2571718          
                time2011        -1.0085e+01  6.6182e+00 -1.5238 0.1283068          
                time2012        -8.5105e+00  7.4749e+00 -1.1385 0.2555495          
                time2013        -1.2637e+01  5.6500e+00 -2.2367 0.0258358 *        
                time2014        -1.9721e+01  5.0277e+00 -3.9224 0.0001025 ***      
                time2015        -8.0224e+00  3.9232e+00 -2.0449 0.0414975 *        
                time2016        -9.0377e+00  4.2469e+00 -2.1281 0.0339175 *        
                iis21            9.0646e+01  1.1888e+01  7.6252 1.670e-13 ***      
                iis22            7.0845e+01  1.1527e+01  6.1459 1.864e-09 ***      
                iis23            7.6079e+01  1.1624e+01  6.5452 1.751e-10 ***      
                iis24            1.0307e+02  1.1602e+01  8.8833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25            1.1456e+02  1.1290e+01 10.1468 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26            1.8977e+02  1.1112e+01 17.0772 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27            1.7426e+02  1.1322e+01 15.3912 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28            2.0837e+02  1.1652e+01 17.8831 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29            2.1438e+02  1.2424e+01 17.2548 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30            1.6650e+02  1.3084e+01 12.7255 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31            1.7408e+02  1.2379e+01 14.0629 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32            1.6708e+02  1.2215e+01 13.6787 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33            1.6596e+02  1.2014e+01 13.8137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34            1.1678e+02  1.1903e+01  9.8108 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35            1.4042e+02  1.1252e+01 12.4794 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36            1.4473e+02  1.1234e+01 12.8834 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37            1.1510e+02  1.1260e+01 10.2214 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38            1.3020e+02  1.1085e+01 11.7460 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39            1.0500e+02  1.1090e+01  9.4685 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis208           4.4583e+01  8.0164e+00  5.5614 4.794e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   7.2097  1 0.007251 **      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.8416  1 0.027781 *       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.64106      
                R-squared            0.97631      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  -1625.18814      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                1 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:35:31 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 480       
                Sample: 1 to 480       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                       coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1              4.9279e-01  4.3331e-02 11.3726 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                lgdp            -2.0028e+04  1.2354e+04 -1.6211 0.1057528          
                gdp_sq          -2.2545e-07  1.4157e-07 -1.5925 0.1120305          
                lpop            -1.6778e+04  1.0809e+04 -1.5522 0.1213732          
                lgdp_sq          2.6946e+03  1.6897e+03  1.5947 0.1115382          
                avg_temp        -1.1510e+02  7.2492e+01 -1.5877 0.1131099          
                lfuel            3.5462e+01  1.3440e+01  2.6386 0.0086374 **       
                idCalifornia    -3.6738e+01  1.0537e+01 -3.4865 0.0005414 ***      
                idColorado       4.8889e+00  2.4489e+00  1.9963 0.0465483 *        
                idConnecticut    8.4909e+00  2.5355e+00  3.3488 0.0008857 ***      
                idFlorida        5.6786e+00  2.4597e+00  2.3087 0.0214499 *        
                idGeorgia       -2.4297e+00  2.4232e+00 -1.0027 0.3166120          
                idIllinois       5.2887e+00  2.4611e+00  2.1489 0.0322163 *        
                idIndiana       -5.5053e+00  2.4659e+00 -2.2326 0.0261091 *        
                idLouisiana     -8.7304e+00  2.5344e+00 -3.4448 0.0006296 ***      
                idMaryland      -3.5591e+00  2.4383e+00 -1.4596 0.1451445          
                idMassachusetts  1.9054e+01  3.0766e+00  6.1932 1.417e-09 ***      
                idMichigan       1.0498e+01  2.5792e+00  4.0704 5.618e-05 ***      
                idMinnesota      2.4759e+00  2.4258e+00  1.0206 0.3080186          
                idMissouri      -6.7421e+00  2.4898e+00 -2.7078 0.0070514 **       
                idNewJersey      3.7617e+00  2.4384e+00  1.5427 0.1236756          
                idNewYork        2.8210e+01  3.4795e+00  8.1075 5.838e-15 ***      
                idNorthCarolina  3.8611e+00  2.4377e+00  1.5839 0.1139757          
                idOhio           9.3794e+00  2.5624e+00  3.6604 0.0002842 ***      
                idPennsylvania   1.1923e+01  2.6287e+00  4.5356 7.525e-06 ***      
                idTennessee     -6.0484e+00  2.4765e+00 -2.4423 0.0150088 *        
                idTexas          1.4824e+01  2.7373e+00  5.4155 1.035e-07 ***      
                idVirginia      -2.2821e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0944 0.9248104          
                idWashington     2.6074e+00  2.4251e+00  1.0752 0.2829127          
                idWisconsin     -1.0448e-01  2.4166e+00 -0.0432 0.9655374          
                time2001         1.0547e+03  6.3564e+02  1.6593 0.0978081 .        
                time2002         5.7367e+02  3.3429e+02  1.7161 0.0868954 .        
                time2003        -3.6338e+02  2.5872e+02 -1.4045 0.1609182          
                time2004        -1.0137e+03  6.6549e+02 -1.5232 0.1284566          
                time2005        -1.6853e+03  1.0870e+03 -1.5503 0.1218213          
                time2006        -1.8094e+03  1.1639e+03 -1.5546 0.1207934          
                time2007        -1.7789e+03  1.1440e+03 -1.5550 0.1207023          
                time2008        -1.5027e+03  9.6108e+02 -1.5636 0.1186806          
                time2009         1.9299e+01  1.1512e+01  1.6764 0.0944153 .        
                time2010        -8.7140e+01  5.9971e+01 -1.4530 0.1469666          
                time2011        -2.9307e+02  1.8459e+02 -1.5877 0.1131191          
                time2012        -1.6766e+02  1.0418e+02 -1.6094 0.1082851          
                time2013        -2.6531e+02  1.6431e+02 -1.6147 0.1071395          
                time2014         1.4550e+01  1.9531e+01  0.7450 0.4567066          
                iis21            9.0646e+01  1.1888e+01  7.6252 1.670e-13 ***      
                iis22            7.0845e+01  1.1527e+01  6.1459 1.864e-09 ***      
                iis23            7.6079e+01  1.1624e+01  6.5452 1.751e-10 ***      
                iis24            1.0307e+02  1.1602e+01  8.8833 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis25            1.1456e+02  1.1290e+01 10.1468 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis26            1.8977e+02  1.1112e+01 17.0772 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis27            1.7426e+02  1.1322e+01 15.3912 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis28            2.0837e+02  1.1652e+01 17.8831 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis29            2.1438e+02  1.2424e+01 17.2548 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis30            1.6650e+02  1.3084e+01 12.7255 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis31            1.7408e+02  1.2379e+01 14.0629 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis32            1.6708e+02  1.2215e+01 13.6787 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis33            1.6596e+02  1.2014e+01 13.8137 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis34            1.1678e+02  1.1903e+01  9.8108 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis35            1.4042e+02  1.1252e+01 12.4794 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis36            1.4473e+02  1.1234e+01 12.8834 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis37            1.1510e+02  1.1260e+01 10.2214 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis38            1.3020e+02  1.1085e+01 11.7460 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis39            1.0500e+02  1.1090e+01  9.4685 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis208           4.4583e+01  8.0164e+00  5.5614 4.794e-08 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df  p-value         
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   7.2097  1 0.007251 **      
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 4.8416  1 0.027781 *       
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     7.64106      
                R-squared            0.97631      
                Log-lik.(n=480)  -1625.18814      
2

                Formula: patent_count ~ gdp + pop + avg_temp + fuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:34:21 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      1.8181e-01  3.7709e-02  4.8213 1.915e-06 ***      
                gdp                     -1.9134e-04  1.6316e-04 -1.1727  0.241484          
                pop                     -6.0756e-03  6.3049e-03 -0.9636  0.335717          
                avg_temp                 9.9100e-01  4.1192e-01  2.4058  0.016512 *        
                fuel                     1.0734e-01  5.0542e-02  2.1237  0.034202 *        
                idAlaska                -2.3360e+00  7.3512e-01 -3.1777  0.001580 **       
                idArkansas              -7.9120e-01  7.2769e-01 -1.0873  0.277455          
                idDelaware               9.3329e+00  1.0905e+00  8.5581 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     3.9619e-01  7.2669e-01  0.5452  0.585868          
                idHawaii                -2.3436e-01  7.2671e-01 -0.3225  0.747223          
                idIdaho                  7.9177e-01  7.2730e-01  1.0886  0.276854          
                idIowa                   6.5417e-01  7.2701e-01  0.8998  0.368673          
                idKansas                -2.1849e-01  7.2669e-01 -0.3007  0.763801          
                idKentucky               2.4604e-01  7.2661e-01  0.3386  0.735046          
                idMaine                  3.0270e-01  7.2657e-01  0.4166  0.677149          
                idMississippi           -1.7515e+00  7.3167e-01 -2.3939  0.017051 *        
                idMontana               -1.3462e+00  7.2940e-01 -1.8456  0.065566 .        
                idNebraska              -7.6925e-01  7.2767e-01 -1.0571  0.290978          
                idNevada                 3.2240e+00  7.4193e-01  4.3455 1.696e-05 ***      
                idNewHampshire           4.2958e+00  7.5713e-01  5.6738 2.412e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico              5.4083e+00  7.6914e-01  7.0316 7.025e-12 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -1.6840e+00  7.3130e-01 -2.3027  0.021720 *        
                idOklahoma               2.0233e+00  7.3180e-01  2.7648  0.005914 **       
                idOregon                 9.7145e+00  8.9303e-01 10.8782 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            1.4884e+00  7.3006e-01  2.0387  0.042027 *        
                idSouthCarolina          5.4003e+00  1.0435e+00  5.1751 3.348e-07 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -8.8489e-02  7.2658e-01 -0.1218  0.903118          
                idUtah                   3.9311e+00  7.4886e-01  5.2494 2.292e-07 ***      
                idVermont               -5.2731e-02  7.2655e-01 -0.0726  0.942172          
                idWestVirginia          -1.5298e+00  7.3019e-01 -2.0950  0.036693 *        
                idWyoming               -1.1946e+00  7.2879e-01 -1.6392  0.101822          
                time2001                -6.8168e+00  4.4310e+00 -1.5384  0.124600          
                time2002                -6.2086e+00  4.1547e+00 -1.4944  0.135738          
                time2003                -4.3851e+00  3.3210e+00 -1.3204  0.187315          
                time2004                -4.5372e+00  2.2077e+00 -2.0552  0.040402 *        
                time2005                -3.1168e+00  1.4990e+00 -2.0793  0.038117 *        
                time2006                -3.4919e+00  1.5722e+00 -2.2210  0.026814 *        
                time2007                -3.2016e+00  1.6263e+00 -1.9686  0.049571 *        
                time2008                -4.6634e+00  3.1544e+00 -1.4784  0.139964          
                time2009                -9.0531e-01  2.4874e+00 -0.3640  0.716053          
                time2010                -1.7917e+00  2.8099e+00 -0.6377  0.524003          
                time2011                -4.0459e+00  3.4525e+00 -1.1719  0.241825          
                time2012                -4.9685e+00  3.3244e+00 -1.4946  0.135685          
                time2013                -3.0441e+00  3.1539e+00 -0.9652  0.334930          
                time2014                -3.0227e+00  3.0009e+00 -1.0073  0.314314          
                time2015                -6.7101e-02  1.0846e+00 -0.0619  0.950693          
                time2016                 5.3129e-01  9.4891e-01  0.5599  0.575808          
                iis382                   1.7545e+01  2.4121e+00  7.2736 1.427e-12 ***      
                iis429                   1.5388e+01  2.5097e+00  6.1313 1.816e-09 ***      
                iis432                   1.2616e+01  2.5040e+00  5.0386 6.645e-07 ***      
                iis437                   2.9392e+01  2.8899e+00 10.1706 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis438                   2.6341e+01  2.8896e+00  9.1156 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2008       1.0784e+01  1.6468e+00  6.5488 1.489e-10 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2011      -1.7921e+01  2.7206e+00 -6.5872 1.176e-10 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2012       1.3255e+01  2.9263e+00  4.5295 7.462e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -1.2995e+01  1.8869e+00 -6.8870 1.785e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.3085e+01  1.4383e+00  9.0977 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2017 -1.1470e+01  1.8918e+00 -6.0631 2.699e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   2.3935  1 0.12184        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 5.3589  1 0.02062 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.29751      
                R-squared            0.88528      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -1186.41280      

                Formula: patent_count ~ lgdp + gdp_sq + lpop + lgdp_sq + avg_temp + lfuel      
                2 (2000:2020); p.value: 0.001; AR: 1      
                      
                Date: Wed Mar 22 15:37:04 2023       
                Dependent var.: y       
                Method: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)      
                Variance-Covariance: Ordinary       
                No. of observations (mean eq.): 540       
                Sample: 1 to 540       
                      
                SPECIFIC mean equation:      
                      
                                               coef   std.error  t-stat   p-value          
                ar1                      1.8181e-01  3.7709e-02  4.8213 1.915e-06 ***      
                lgdp                     6.2097e+02  1.0173e+03  0.6104  0.541891          
                gdp_sq                   5.6563e-09  1.2382e-08  0.4568  0.648014          
                lpop                    -1.8516e+02  1.6499e+02 -1.1223  0.262311          
                lgdp_sq                 -4.0918e+01  7.7373e+01 -0.5288  0.597159          
                avg_temp                -1.6982e+00  3.3120e+00 -0.5128  0.608359          
                lfuel                   -6.0251e+00  1.1884e+01 -0.5070  0.612381          
                idAlaska                -2.3360e+00  7.3512e-01 -3.1777  0.001580 **       
                idArkansas              -7.9120e-01  7.2769e-01 -1.0873  0.277455          
                idDelaware               9.3329e+00  1.0905e+00  8.5581 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idDistrictofColumbia     3.9619e-01  7.2669e-01  0.5452  0.585868          
                idHawaii                -2.3436e-01  7.2671e-01 -0.3225  0.747223          
                idIdaho                  7.9177e-01  7.2730e-01  1.0886  0.276854          
                idIowa                   6.5417e-01  7.2701e-01  0.8998  0.368673          
                idKansas                -2.1849e-01  7.2669e-01 -0.3007  0.763801          
                idKentucky               2.4604e-01  7.2661e-01  0.3386  0.735046          
                idMaine                  3.0270e-01  7.2657e-01  0.4166  0.677149          
                idMississippi           -1.7515e+00  7.3167e-01 -2.3939  0.017051 *        
                idMontana               -1.3462e+00  7.2940e-01 -1.8456  0.065566 .        
                idNebraska              -7.6925e-01  7.2767e-01 -1.0571  0.290978          
                idNevada                 3.2240e+00  7.4193e-01  4.3455 1.696e-05 ***      
                idNewHampshire           4.2958e+00  7.5713e-01  5.6738 2.412e-08 ***      
                idNewMexico              5.4083e+00  7.6914e-01  7.0316 7.025e-12 ***      
                idNorthDakota           -1.6840e+00  7.3130e-01 -2.3027  0.021720 *        
                idOklahoma               2.0233e+00  7.3180e-01  2.7648  0.005914 **       
                idOregon                 9.7145e+00  8.9303e-01 10.8782 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                idRhodeIsland            1.4884e+00  7.3006e-01  2.0387  0.042027 *        
                idSouthCarolina          5.4003e+00  1.0435e+00  5.1751 3.348e-07 ***      
                idSouthDakota           -8.8489e-02  7.2658e-01 -0.1218  0.903118          
                idUtah                   3.9311e+00  7.4886e-01  5.2494 2.292e-07 ***      
                idVermont               -5.2731e-02  7.2655e-01 -0.0726  0.942172          
                idWestVirginia          -1.5298e+00  7.3019e-01 -2.0950  0.036693 *        
                idWyoming               -1.1946e+00  7.2879e-01 -1.6392  0.101822          
                time2001                -2.8731e+01  4.2913e+01 -0.6695  0.503494          
                time2002                -2.4984e+01  3.5949e+01 -0.6950  0.487387          
                time2003                -2.2103e+01  3.0495e+01 -0.7248  0.468916          
                time2004                -1.6844e+01  1.7147e+01 -0.9823  0.326431          
                time2005                -1.1969e+01  1.0861e+01 -1.1020  0.271030          
                time2006                -6.9852e+00  4.5843e+00 -1.5237  0.128231          
                time2007                -3.8796e+00  1.6954e+00 -2.2883  0.022550 *        
                time2008                -1.8980e+00  1.7789e+00 -1.0670  0.286504          
                time2009                -2.6862e+00  5.6548e+00 -0.4750  0.634987          
                time2010                -3.9832e-01  2.4906e+00 -0.1599  0.873006          
                time2011                 3.4768e+00  5.7582e+00  0.6038  0.546254          
                time2012                 5.3856e+00  9.3117e+00  0.5784  0.563285          
                time2013                 1.0434e+00  2.2990e+00  0.4538  0.650143          
                time2014                -1.1568e+00  1.8763e+00 -0.6165  0.537848          
                iis382                   1.7545e+01  2.4121e+00  7.2736 1.427e-12 ***      
                iis429                   1.5388e+01  2.5097e+00  6.1313 1.816e-09 ***      
                iis432                   1.2616e+01  2.5040e+00  5.0386 6.645e-07 ***      
                iis437                   2.9392e+01  2.8899e+00 10.1706 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                iis438                   2.6341e+01  2.8896e+00  9.1156 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2008       1.0784e+01  1.6468e+00  6.5488 1.489e-10 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2011      -1.7921e+01  2.7206e+00 -6.5872 1.176e-10 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2012       1.3255e+01  2.9263e+00  4.5295 7.462e-06 ***      
                fesisDelaware.2014      -1.2995e+01  1.8869e+00 -6.8870 1.785e-11 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2008  1.3085e+01  1.4383e+00  9.0977 < 2.2e-16 ***      
                fesisSouthCarolina.2017 -1.1470e+01  1.8918e+00 -6.0631 2.699e-09 ***      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                      
                Diagnostics and fit:      
                      
                                  Chi-sq df p-value        
                Ljung-Box AR(1)   2.3935  1 0.12184        
                Ljung-Box ARCH(1) 5.3589  1 0.02062 *      
                ---      
                Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1      
                                                  
                SE of regression     2.29751      
                R-squared            0.88528      
                Log-lik.(n=540)  -1186.41280